“…Methods of the PHE have been extensively explored with the attempts to overcome the thermal problems subject to high heat flux [4]. A variety of surface ribs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], perforated baffle [22][23][24][25][26][27], pin-fins [28][29][30][31][32], Snail, propeller, twisted and winglet-type vortex generators [33,34,30,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] have been devised to enhance heat transfer rates in ducts. However, it is shown in the literature review that detail exploration of turned flow in the channel needs more extensive study.…”