Investigation of the Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Subgingival Plaque Microbiota by High-Throughput 16S rDNA Pyrosequencing

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for chronic periodontitis. We investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes on the subgingival plaque bacterial composition by applying culture-independent 16S rDNA sequencing to periodontal bacteria isolated from four groups of volunteers: non-diabetic subjects without periodontitis, non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis, type 2 diabetic patients without periodontitis, and type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis. A total of 71,373 high-quality sequences were produced from the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA genes by 454 pyrosequencing. Those 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 16 phyla, 27 classes, 48 orders, 85 families, 126 genera, and 1141 species-level OTUs. Comparing periodontally healthy samples with periodontitis samples identified 20 health-associated and 15 periodontitis-associated OTUs. In the subjects with healthy periodontium, the abundances of three genera (Prevotella, Pseudomonas, and Tannerella) and nine OTUs were significantly different between diabetic patients and their non-diabetic counterparts. In the subjects carrying periodontitis, the abundances of three phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes), two genera (Actinomyces and Aggregatibacter), and six OTUs were also significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Our results show that type 2 diabetes mellitus could alter the bacterial composition in the subgingival plaque.

Periodontopathogens, Candida spp. and immunological aspects in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis

“…In the present study, the frequency of periodontal sites harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and C. rectus (Cr) was statistically similar between the groups. Our results corroborate with those found by Field et al 7 , Sardi et al 8 and Yuan et al 28 and differ from other studies [29][30][31][32] . We focused on subgingival sites with periodontal disease, specifically deep pockets, for both groups, also reported by the majority of these studies.…”

Effect of Advanced HIV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome

“…To account for the uneven sequencing depth between samples, a normalized procedure was used as previously described (14,15). Differences in the abundance of specific genera between groups (i.e., uninfected vs. untreated, uninfected vs. 1-yr treated, and uninfected vs. 3-yr treated) were analyzed using negative binomial regression models.…”

Treatment of cutaneous actinomycosis with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

“…T2DM has been reported previously and represents a major predisposing factor (4,5,23,24). In a recent report, Zhou et al (25) found that the amount of Actinomyces and Aggregibacter on the gingival microbiota of diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to non-diabetics. CFA pathogenesis is favored by anaerobiosis and a microaerophilic atmosphere.…”