Investigation of the flavan-3-ol patterns in willow species during one growing-season

Identification and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves and Bark of Salix alba (L.) and Their Biological Potential

“…The B-type procyanidin identified in white willow leaves in the present study were proanthocyanidins consisting of catechin and/or epicatechin units. Earlier, the presence of procyanidins (oligomers and polymers) (B and C-type) has been confirmed in the leaves of three willow species, including S. alba bark extracts [ 19 , 21 , 38 ]. Among other species, several procyanidin A and B-type derivatives have been identified in Gaultheria procumbens leaf extracts [ 39 ] and six different dimers and three different trimers of B-type procyanidin have been identified in Sorbus demestica leaf extract [ 32 ].…”

“…(+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin are found in a range of fruits, beans and chocolate [ 33 ]. The compounds have been also widely distributed in leaf extracts of several Salix species [ 15 ], including S. alba , S. subserrata , S. fragilis , S. daphnoides , S. caprea , S. cinerea [ 19 , 34 ]. Catechin was also a predominant compound in water extracts of S. aegyptiaca leaves [ 35 ] and buds of S. pyrolifolia [ 28 ].…”

“…Reports on the polyphenolic compounds present in other Salix species are incomplete and limited. Only a few compounds have been reported so far in the bark and/or leaves of other than S. alba willow species, e.g., S. purpurea , S. daphnoides , S. phylicifolia , S. myrsinites , S. glauca , S. fragilis , S. lapponum , S. borealis and S. reticulata [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Data on the chemical composition and biological activity of S. alba are limited [ 6 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Characterization of bioactive compounds in the biomass of black locust, poplar and willow

“…The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for the determination of TPC in black locust leaves, seeds, sheaths and woods extracts (Marinas et al 2014;Sergent et al 2014;Tálos-Nebehaj et al 2017), poplar buds, leaves and wood extracts (Kuś et al 2018;Tálos-Nebehaj et al 2017;Todaro et al 2017;Zhang et al 2015b), as well as willow leaves, bark, catkins, first-year twigs and stems extracts (Amel Zabihi et al 2018;Fig. 6 The reaction of Fe 3+ reduction by polyphenols (on the example of quercetin) and the formation of Prussian blue in the FRAP-RP method Durak and Gawlik-Dziki 2014;Enayat and Banerjee 2009;Wiesneth et al 2018;Zaiter et al 2016). TPC in black locust wood was 32.0-40.0 mg GAE/g wood (corresponding to 597-603 mg GAE/g extract) (Sergent et al 2014), in poplar wood (P. nigra L.) 96.7-334.9 mg GAE/g d.e.…”

Seasonal dynamics of the phenolic constituents of the cones and leaves of orientalThuja(Platycladus orientalisL.) reveal their anti-inflammatory biomarkers

“…[27][28][29] Many factors were found to inuence the levels of plant avonoids, including light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, low/high temperature, the circadian cycle, seasonality, and the plant part used. 29 Many attempts have been reported to investigate the effects of environmental, seasonal and abiotic factors on phenolic and avonoid contents in plants, such as the investigation of the abiotic factors in the phenolic content of grapes, 30 seasonal variation in production of antioxidant phenolic compounds in Morus nigra leaves, 31 investigation of the seasonal effect on avonol content in willow species 32 and the effects of abiotic stress factors on the antioxidant properties and polyphenolic prole of green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). 33 Consequently, studying the seasonal dynamics of the phenolic constituents is necessary because each species exerts its chief biological effect in distinct seasons, which can aid precise selection of the harvesting time of the plant.…”