Investigation of the hydrogen induced cracking behaviour of API 5L X65 pipeline steel

Jack, Tonye Alaso; Pourazizi, Reza; Ohaeri, Enyinnaya; Szpunar, Jerzy A.; Zhang, Jiming; Qu, Jinbo

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.211

Cited by 68 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, these experimental results do not align with the actual sensitivity to HIC, and relevant literature also suggests that the diffusion hydrogen content is not the main factor affecting the HIC resistance [33]. Generally, the lower the hydrogen diffusion coefficient D eff , the higher the cathodic hydrogen concentration C 0 , indicating a greater HIC sensitivity in the materials [34]. Among the three sets of samples, the WC sample had the lowest D eff , highest C 0 , and N T , and both the reversible hydrogen trap density N r and irreversible hydrogen trap density N ir were higher than those in the FC and AC samples.…”

Section: Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Research on Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking Sensitivity of X80 Pipeline Steel under Different Heat Treatments

Wu,

Yan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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X80 pipeline steel has played a vital role in oil and gas transportation in recent years. However, hydrogen-related issues frequently lead to pipeline failures during service, resulting in significant losses of properties and lives. Three heat treatment processes (furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC)) were carried out to investigate the effect of different microstructures on hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility of X80 pipeline steel. The WC sample demonstrated the highest hydrogen embrittlement index, registering at 21.9%, while the AC and FC samples exhibited progressively lower values of 15.45% and 10.98%, respectively. Under equivalent hydrogen charging durations, crack dimensions with a maximum length exceeding 30 μm in the WC sample generally exceed those in the FC sample and AC sample. The variation is attributed to the difference in microstructures of the samples, predominantly lath bainite (LB) in water-cooled samples, granular bainite (GB) in air-cooled samples, and ferrite/pearlite (F/P) in FC samples. The research results demonstrate that the sensitivity of lath bainite (LB) to HIC is significantly higher than that of pearlite, ferrite, and granular bainite (GB). The presence of a large amount of martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents within bainite results in a multitude of hydrogen trap sites. HIC cracks in bainite generally propagate along the profiles of M/A constituents, showing both intergranular and transgranular cracking modes.

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Section: Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Research on Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking Sensitivity of X80 Pipeline Steel under Different Heat Treatments

Wu,

Yan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…These particles, which appear as white spheres on the microstructure, are then ready for observation. Consequently, the diffusion of hydrogen to the steel surface can be effectively visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [44][45][46][47]. Jack et al's [45] SEM observations are depicted in Figure 4.…”

Section: Hydrogen Microprint Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Impact: A Review on Diffusibility, Embrittlement Mechanisms, and Characterization

Li,

Ghadiani,

Jalilvand

et al. 2024

Materials

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a broadly recognized phenomenon in metallic materials. If not well understood and managed, HE may lead to catastrophic environmental failures in vessels containing hydrogen, such as pipelines and storage tanks. HE can affect the mechanical properties of materials such as ductility, toughness, and strength, mainly through the interaction between metal defects and hydrogen. Various phenomena such as hydrogen adsorption, hydrogen diffusion, and hydrogen interactions with intrinsic trapping sites like dislocations, voids, grain boundaries, and oxide/matrix interfaces are involved in this process. It is important to understand HE mechanisms to develop effective hydrogen resistant strategies. Tensile, double cantilever beam, bent beam, and fatigue tests are among the most common techniques employed to study HE. This article reviews hydrogen diffusion behavior, mechanisms, and characterization techniques.

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“…Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is a common phenomenon in the energy sector, such as in oil and gas pipelines, offshore oilfield equipment, and pressure vessels. The generation of a large amount of HIC can lead to the rupture of structures, leading to contents leakage or even an explosion [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor HIC in servicing assets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Two Types of Acoustic Emission Sensors for the Characterization of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

Liu

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Acoustic emission (AE) technology is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that is able to monitor the process of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). AE uses piezoelectric sensors to convert the elastic waves generated from the growth of HIC into electric signals. Most piezoelectric sensors have resonance and thus are effective for a certain frequency range, and they will fundamentally affect the monitoring results. In this study, two commonly used AE sensors (Nano30 and VS150-RIC) were used for monitoring HIC processes using the electrochemical hydrogen-charging method under laboratory conditions. Obtained signals were analyzed and compared on three aspects, i.e., in signal acquisition, signal discrimination, and source location to demonstrate the influences of the two types of AE sensors. A basic reference for the selection of sensors for HIC monitoring is provided according to different test purposes and monitoring environments. Results show that signal characteristics from different mechanisms can be identified more clearly by Nano30, which is conducive to signal classification. VS150-RIC can identify HIC signals better and provide source locations more accurately. It can also acquire low-energy signals better, which is more suitable for monitoring over a long distance.

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Investigation of the hydrogen induced cracking behaviour of API 5L X65 pipeline steel

Cited by 68 publications

References 44 publications

Research on Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking Sensitivity of X80 Pipeline Steel under Different Heat Treatments

Research on Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking Sensitivity of X80 Pipeline Steel under Different Heat Treatments

Hydrogen Impact: A Review on Diffusibility, Embrittlement Mechanisms, and Characterization

A Comparison of Two Types of Acoustic Emission Sensors for the Characterization of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

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