Investigation of the2p3∕2−3d5∕2line emission of

Abstract

Measurements of the L -shell emission of highly charged gold ions were made under controlled laboratory conditions using the SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap, allowing detailed spectral observations of lines from Fe-like Au53+ through Ne-like Au69+ . Using atomic data from the Flexible Atomic Code, we have identified strong 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features that can be used to diagnose the charge state distribution in high energy density plasmas, such as those found in the laser entrance hole of hot hohlraum radiation sources. We provide collisional-radiative calculations of the average ion charge Z as a function of temperature and density, which can be used to relate charge state distributions inferred from 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features to plasma conditions, and investigate the effects of plasma density on calculated L -shell Au emission spectra.

Constructing theoretical M-shell spectra for Mg-like Au through Cl-like Au ions in gold plasma diagnostics

“…Several experimental techniques are employed worldwide to investigate Au spectra. They include wire explosion plasma of gold irradiated by laser pulse [10,11], non-LTE gold plasmas and electron beam ion Q1 trap (EBIT) [12][13][14].…”

Superconfiguration widths and their effects on atomic models

“…A hybrid-structure model that captures the advantages of both screened hydrogenic SC and fine structure models has been described in Refs [28,29]. In this approach, a small set of singly excited "coronal" levels (including single excitations from inner shells) and the rates coupling them are computed in fine structure detail.…”

“…These data are more accurate than screened-hydrogenic SCs and can be ensemble-averaged into a more tractable data set before solving the collisional-radiative rate matrix. Researchers have explored various paths to optimizing approaches like this for accuracy and efficiency, including dynamically varying the ensembles according to plasma conditions [16e19], expanding ensembles after the matrix solution to determine more detailed state populations [20e22], determining plasma-dependent effective temperatures within ensembles [23e25], averaging only high-n SCs [26,27], or using hybrid atomic structure designed for fidelity in both the high-and low-density plasma regimes [28,29]. Although these approaches can yield reliable charge state distributions and even generate highly accurate synthetic spectra, only highly averaged and hybrid-structure kinetic models can be extended to ions of arbitrary complexity without sacrificing completeness or becoming computationally intractable (c.f.…”

Computational modeling of Krypton gas puffs with tailored mass density profiles on Za)

“…22,23 For specific application to K-shell emitting loads, emissivities and opacities are tabulated from a non-LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) atomic model. [24][25][26] Single group radiative diffusion is used to establish a radiation temperature throughout the load volume and calculate the total emitted power. A separate high photon energy group is also emitted and transported to calculate emission above 12.3 keV.…”