Investigation of the Properties of Multilayer Nanostructured Coating Based on the (Ti,Y,Al)N System with High Content of Yttrium

Abstract

The studies are focused on the properties of the multilayer composite coating based on the (Ti,Y,Al)N system with high content of yttrium (about 40 at.%) of yttrium (Y). The hardness and elastic modulus were defined, and the resistance to fracture was studied during the scratch testing. Two cubic solid solutions (fcc phases), including c-(Ti,Y,Al)N and c-(Y,Ti,Al)N, are formed in the coating. The investigation of the wear resistance of the (Ti,Y,Al)N-coated tools during the turning of steel in comparison with the wear resistance of the tools with the based on the (Ti,Cr,Al)N system coating and the uncoated tools found a noticeable increase (by 250%–270%) in rake wear resistance. Active oxidation processes are observed in the (Ti,Y,Al)N coating during wear. It can be assumed that yttrium oxide is predominantly formed with a possible insignificant formation of titanium and aluminum oxides. At the same time, complete oxidation of c-(Y,Ti,Al)N nanolayers is not observed. Some hypotheses explaining the rather high performance of a coating with a high yttrium content are considered.

Surface Engineering of Metals: Techniques, Characterizations and Applications

“…Recent advancements in surface engineering have brought about remarkable improvements in the field. Nanostructured coatings [10][11][12] have emerged as a prominent area of research, with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties being achieved through precise control over the microstructure and composition at the nanoscale. These coatings exhibit exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and reduced friction, making them highly desirable for various industrial applications.…”

Technologies of Coatings and Surface Hardening: Industrial Applications

“…The product's operational life can be improved via introduced innovations in the coating and surface layer structure deposed to such materials as high-speed tool steel [16], Al 2 O 3 + TiC ceramic [17,18], Si and hard alloy substrate [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], plastic substrate [26]. The innovative multilayer coatings demonstrate the destruction of the coating from the contact load passing through one layer and developing along the interface between the layers, significantly increasing the product's durability [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. At the same time, nanocomposite coatings containing the amorphous phase with the introduced nano-crystallines of 3-5 nm hamper the development of the cracks and redirect them [23,24].…”

“…Properties including high-temperature and triboproperties of the advanced multi- [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and mono-layer [16,17], nanocomposite [23,24], nanostructured [18], and nanothin coatings [26];…”

“…Coating technologies such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) [17,23,24,27], including a radio frequency magnetron sputtering [16], high-power impulse magnetron sputtering [18], a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering [19,20], filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition [21,22,25], as well as atomic layer deposition [26]; • Full-scale tests in conditions close to industrial ones in milling hardened steel 100CrMn6 [17] and titanium alloys [23], turning steel 1045 [22], nickel-chromium alloy [21,25], and ironnickel alloy [24], annealing tests [19,20], open/short tests for electronic components [26]; • Development of a mathematical basis for future research [23,24].…”

“…The properties of Ti-TiN-(Ti,Y,Al)N multilayer composite PVD-coating with the high content (approximately 40 at.%) of yttrium in its wear-resistant layer were studied comparing Ti-TiN-(Ti,Cr,Al)N coated and uncoated hard alloy tools in turning nickel-chromium alloy [25]. The hardness was HV 2758 ± 78, and the elastic modulus was 356 ± 24 GPa.…”