Investigation of the protective effects of proanthocyanidin and vitamin E against the toxic effect caused by formaldehyde on the liver tissue

Abstract

We aimed to investigate of protective role of proanthocyanidin (PA) and vitamin E (vit E) against to toxic effect of formaldehyde (FA). Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control group, rats treated with FA intraperitoneal (i.p.) (10 mg/kg), FA + vit E intragastric (i.g.) (30 mg/kg), and FA + PA i.g. (100 mg/kg). We assayed superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) in liver. Liver tissue was taken in order to morphological analysis and hepatocytes apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay immunostaining. SOD decreased in FA and increased in FA + vit E and FA + PA (p < 0.05). Gpx didn't change in FA and increased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). No significant variation between the groups was found in MPO activity. MDA increased only in FA and decreased in FA + vit E and FA+PA (p < 0.05). TSA didn't alter in FA and FA + vit E but decreased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). Degeneration in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, cytoplasm losses, vacuolization, picnotic nuclei, and mononuclear cell infiltration were identified in FA. Degeneration in chromatin material, membrane damage in mitochondria and losses in mitochondrial cristae in hepatocytes were observed in FA. We found that partially recovery in liver as a result of FA + vit E and FA + PA. We have concluded that long term use should be investigated for complete explanation of PA's protective effects on FA toxicity.

Antioxidants attenuate oxidative stress-induced hidden blood loss in rats

“…The amount of MDA was significantly decreased due to the effect of linoleic acid, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress in the culture medium. In this study, the quantity of MDA was significantly decreased with the administration of PA or HW [ 9 , 12 ], consistent with previous studies showing that the elevation of MDA level induced by lipid peroxidation was counteracted by the administration of PA or HW. Although the present study indicates that PA possesses higher anti-HBL effects compared with HW, no significant variation occurred in our study considering the dosage and duration of PA administration.…”

“…The LIN+PA group received a 100 mg/kg dose of PA diluted with potable water daily [ 12 , 13 ] and was injected with 0.5 mL of 60 mmol/L linoleic acid diluted in 20% ethanol by intravenous administration into the tail vein after 2 weeks of feeding [ 5 ].…”

“…MDA, T-SOD, and GSH-PX activities were measured by spectrophotometer. The absorbance values were detected at 532 nm, 550 nm, and 412 nm wavelengths [ 12 ]. Spectral changes of Hb in the LIN and LIN+PA groups were quantitatively measured by spectrophotometer.…”

Development of One‐Step Water‐Repellent and Flame‐Retardant Finishes for Cotton

“…Formaldehyde is employed as one of the vital reactants in the production of trimethylolmelamine and accordingly, the addition of trimethylolmelamine into the formula of Pyrovatex results in the discharge of high level of formaldehyde . Regrettably, there are serious poisonous issues related to formaldehyde, including carcinogenicity, skin and eye irritation, headache and problems in the respiratory system . Therefore, a formaldehyde free alternatives, such as 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid has been tested with flame‐retardant in presence of sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst in order to improve the flame retardancy and durability.…”

The Effects of Formaldehyde on Cytochrome P450 Isoform Activity in Rats

“…Current research on the toxicity of FA has in-depth damage in the liver, and FA induced liver injury model of research in recent years is also very mature [21, 22]. Such that Bakar et al [23] found that FA markedly increased cell apoptosis in the liver.…”