“…It is widely recognized that one of the most frequent contamination routes of L. monocytogenes in foods is through cross contamination from the surfaces in food processing plants (Ammor et al, 2004;Norwood & Gilmour, 1999;Porsby, Vogel, Mohr, & Gram, 2008), where it is able to attach and form resistant biofilms (Aase, Sundheim, Langsrud, & Rørvik, 2000;Takahashi et al, 2009;To, Favrin, Romanova, & Griffiths, 2002). This resistance is related to the threedimensional structure of the biofilm, which defines the interactions between the bacterial species (Wuertz, Okabe, & Hausner, 2004) and determines the degree to which chemicals can access the cells (Bourion & Cerf, 1996;Qu, Daley, Istivan, Rouch, & Deighton, 2010).…”