Investigation of the Spray Behavior of Gelled Jet-A1 Fuels using an Air Blast and an Impinging Jet Atomizer

Ciezki, Helmut; Robers, A.; Schneider, Günter

doi:10.2514/6.2002-3601

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…which coincides with the liquid spray case considered in Kagan and Sivashinsky; 32 at the opposite limit of high frequency the term in square brackets becomes HðT À T v ÞHðT p À TÞ þ 1 2 HðT À T p Þ in a weak sense. In Figure 2(a and b) profiles of the liquid fuel concentration are drawn for a variety of values of the evaporation frequency for the one-dimensional counterpart of equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Both the aforementioned limits can be easily seen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The first thorough review of the state-ofthe-art appears in Natan and Rahimi 3 and some representative research dedicated to strictly non-combustion gel issues can found in literature. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The current paper relates to the combustion of a spray of organic gel-based droplets. In a study of the combustion of suspended individual organic gellant-based fuel droplets it was found that their burning characteristics were quite different from those of inorganic gellant-based fuel droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A numerical study of the propagation of organic gellant-based fuel-rich premixed spray flames

Greenberg

Kagan

Sivashinsky

2016

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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The behavior of laminar rich, organic gellant-based premixed spray flames is investigated for the first time. The pulsating evaporation of such spray droplets, that has been observed experimentally, is accounted for. The numerical investigation discloses two main important findings. First, the phenomenon of the creation of flame hot-spots in organic gellant-based spray diffusion flames, associated with the pulsating evaporation, is absent in the premixed flame context. Second, the influence of the temperature of onset of the pulsations and their frequency on the propagation velocity of premixed gel spray flames was examined. These parameters were found to impact on whether the flame front moves steadily through the initial pre-mixture or whether it exhibits oscillations in its movement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study of the propagation of organic gellant-based fuel-rich premixed spray flames

Greenberg

Kagan

Sivashinsky

2016

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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“…The authors reported prior to injection, viscosity must be reduced and completely liquefied, which can be accomplished with efficient atomizers. Ciezki et al 20 studied the spray behaviour of different Jet-A1 based gelled fuels. The authors observed, a membrane-type breakup mode at low momentum flux ratio and formation of ligaments and thin fibres at higher momentum flux ratios for a gel fuel made up of Jet-A1 and thixatrol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Pandian

Das

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The present study aims to experimentally analyse the influence of crossflow aerodynamic parameters on the spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel. A Jet-A1 gel fuel is prepared by combining 85 percentage by weight (wt. %) of Jet-A1 liquid as base fuel with an organo-gel solution having Thixatrol ST (7.5 wt. %) as gelling agent and Rectified xylene (7.5 wt. %) as solvent. Shear flow test is performed on the gel fuel using a rotational rheometer, to understand its non-Newtonian rheological properties. An internally impinging air blast atomizer is used to study the gel spray characteristics by injecting the gel fuel transversely into the subsonic cross flowing airstream environment. Gel spray images are captured by generating a laser sheet along the midplane of the test section across the crossflow air stream direction using the Laser Sheet Photography (LSP) technique. The captured gel spray images are used to visualize the gel spray structure in both spray axis as well as the crossflow air stream direction. These images are then investigated by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. By incorporating the canny edge detection method into the MATLAB code, gel spray characteristics such as droplet size distribution, Sauter-mean-diameter, Arithmetic-mean-diameter, windward trajectories, and maximum penetration height are determined. Further, the effect of aerodynamic parameters such as crossflow Reynolds’ number and aerodynamic Weber number on the gel spray characteristics are investigated. Droplet size distribution and maximum penetration height of gelled Jet-A1 spray revealed its dependence on crossflow Reynolds’ number. Sauter-Mean-Diameter of gel droplets and windward trajectories of the gel spray decreases significantly as the aerodynamic Weber number increases. Thus, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spray is also a function of the crossflow aerodynamic parameters other than the atomizer.

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“…The authors also indicated that atomization was improved as the liquid mass flow rate increased at a constant gas mass flow rate. Ciezki et al [9] investigated the air-blast atomization of the kerosene-based gelled fuels using different gelling agents. They also found that the gelled fuels were more difficult to be atomized than the counterpart of Newtonian fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomization of Gel Fuels with Solid Particle Addition Utilizing an Air Atomizing Nozzle

et al. 2018

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Microscopic high-speed imaging is used to experimentally measure the velocity and size of droplets of gelled RP-1 based fuels with a solid particle additive. The gels are atomized using an air atomizing nozzle. The droplet diameter and velocity at a fixed position 20 cm from the nozzle on the centerline of the spray are measured at air mass flow rates of 1.5, 3 and 5 g/s. A parametric study is conducted to study the effect of gas mass flow rate, boron particle content, and species of the solid particle on the droplet characteristics. The results indicate that the droplet size decreases with the increasing of gas mass flow rate and boron particle content. Gel fuels with an aluminum particle are observed to produce smaller droplets at a low gas mass flow rate than that with a boron particle. The implication of these observations is that the atomization processes for gelled fuels with an additive of solid particles is controlled by the velocity difference between the gas and the droplets.

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Investigation of the Spray Behavior of Gelled Jet-A1 Fuels using an Air Blast and an Impinging Jet Atomizer

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

A numerical study of the propagation of organic gellant-based fuel-rich premixed spray flames

A numerical study of the propagation of organic gellant-based fuel-rich premixed spray flames

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Atomization of Gel Fuels with Solid Particle Addition Utilizing an Air Atomizing Nozzle

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