Investigation of the use of inertial sensing equipment for the measurement of hip flexion and pelvic rotation in horse riders

Gandy, Elizabeth A.; Bondi, A.; Pigott, Timothy M. C.; Smith, Gary; McDonald, Sharon

doi:10.3920/cep170023

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Inertial sensors were used to study coxofemoral joint (‘hip’) flexion angles in 16 riders in halt and during the sit phase of the trot (Gandy et al . 2018). There was significantly greater flexion of the right hip compared with the left, on the right rein only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crooked tail carriage in horses: Increased prevalence in lame horses and those with thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension or sacroiliac joint region pain

Hibbs

Jarvis

Dyson³

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary The relationship between lameness and crooked tail carriage (CTC) in horses is unclear. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the association between CTC and lameness; (ii) among lame horses, to determine associations between CTC and lameness diagnosis, saddle slip, thoracolumbar range of motion (ROM), epaxial muscle tension and pain, and sacroiliac joint region (SIJR) pain, and (iii) to determine whether abolition of lameness and SIJR pain by diagnostic anaesthesia modified CTC. In this study, 520 lame and 170 nonlame sports horses were examined for CTC and other characteristics by one clinician (S.J.D.). All horses were evaluated when ridden. Lame horses were also assessed in hand and on the lunge. Crooked tail carriage, its direction, lameness, musculoskeletal and tack‐related parameters were recorded as binary variables and analysed using 2 × 2 contingency tables. Sacroiliac joint region pain was diagnosed using local anaesthesia. Standard errors are shown in square brackets. 32.5% of lame horses had CTC, compared with 5.3% of nonlame horses (odds ratio = 8.6 [confidence intervals 4.4, 16.7]; P = 2×10−12). Of 169 lame horses with CTC, 103 (60.9% [3.8%]) held their tail to the left. There was no association between the side of the predominant lame limb and CTC direction. However, CTC was more common (P = 0.005) in horses with hindlimb lameness (35.7% [2.4%], N = 401) compared with forelimb lameness (21.0% [4.1%], N = 100). Crooked tail carriage was associated with SIJR pain (P = 0.0007) and thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension (P = 0.0007), but not with saddle slip, reduced thoracolumbar ROM or thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain. Limitations of the study included the facts that nonlame horses were a convenience sample and lameness assessment, other clinical observations and determination of the presence of CTC were subjective, with potential for bias. Video recordings and photographs are available for verification of tail position. It was concluded that CTC is more prevalent in lame horses than nonlame horses. There is a positive association between CTC and hindlimb lameness, SIJR pain and thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crooked tail carriage in horses: Increased prevalence in lame horses and those with thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension or sacroiliac joint region pain

Hibbs

Jarvis

Dyson³

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Whereas all riders demonstrated a slight to significant shift in overall pressure to the left of the saddle, this was greatest for rider H. This asymmetry could reflect postural asymmetry of the riders (Symes and Ellis ; Gandy et al . , ; Hobbs et al . ; Guire et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of rider size and saddle fit for horse and rider on forces and pressure distribution under saddles: A pilot study

Roost¹,

Ellis²,

Morris³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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There is limited scientific evidence concerning the effect of rider weight on pressures under the saddle and equine performance. The objective of this prospective, crossover, randomised trial was to assess pressure distribution and magnitude in horses ridden by four riders of similar ability but differing in bodyweight and height. Six horses in regular work were ridden by four riders (rider bodyweight: horse body weight percentage > 10 ≤ 12and > 20 [VH = Very Heavy]), performing a purpose-designed dressage test (30 min). The test was abandoned for ≥ grade 3/8 lameness or ≥ 10 behavioural markers (assessed in real-time). A calibrated force mat (Pliance) was used to record pressures under the saddle in walk, trot and canter on left and right reins. Rider position was assessed. All 13 H and VH tests and one of 12 M rider tests were abandoned (lameness, n = 12; behaviour, n = 1). At walk, the seat of rider VH extended beyond the cantle of the saddle; rider H sat on the cantle of the saddle. At trot and canter the heels of rider VH were consistently cranial to the tubera coxae and shoulders. Pressures were significantly higher under the caudal aspect of the saddle compared with cranially for rider VH in walk (P<0.05, ANOVA, Bonferroni). At rising trot pressures were higher cranially for riders L, M and H (P<0.05, ANOVA, Bonferroni), but were similar cranially and caudally for rider VH. The highest maximum peak pressure was recorded for rider VH in canter. A limitation was that speed can alter pressure measurements, but was not controlled or recorded. We concluded that there were differences in magnitude and distribution of pressures among the four riders according to their size, which may have contributed to the development of musculoskeletal pain. This may also have been influenced by saddle fit for riders and their positions.

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“…Compared to the general population and other sports, equestrian sports show some of the highest LBP prevalence, ranging from 20% to 88% [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Gandy, Bondi, Pigott, Smith and McDonald [ 10 ] described an LBP incidence in EA three to five times greater than in the general population. Recreational EA show higher incidence of LBP than professional EA [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recreational EA show higher incidence of LBP than professional EA [ 8 ]. However, no differences were observed in LBP prevalence values between classical dressage and horse jumping equestrian modalities [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have suggested the modifiable factors such as the body composition [ 9 ], lack of muscle flexibility [ 4 ], core endurance deficit [ 6 , 8 ], asymmetric hip/pelvic disposition [ 4 , 5 , 13 ] and sagittal spinal misalignment [ 8 , 11 ] may be related to LBP in EA. However, the risk factors for LBP among EA have not been extensively investigated [ 10 ]. The aims of this research regarding child EA were to determine whether corporal composition, flexibility, core endurance and sagittal spinal curvatures measures are predisposing factors for LBP (I) and to perform a predictive injury study to establish diagnostic cutoff values for those factors associated with LBP (II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trunk Lateral Flexor Endurance and Body Fat: Predictive Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Child Equestrian Athletes

et al. 2020

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Low back pain (LBP) is the most common overuse musculoskeletal injury suffered by child equestrian athletes (CEA). Despite this, little is known about the risk factors related to LBP in these athletes, and very limited research has been conducted on this topic. This study was designed to investigate predictive risk factors for LBP in CEA. The purposes of this research were to determine whether anthropometric, range of motion (ROM), core endurance and sagittal spinal morphotype measures are risk factors for LBP and to establish a diagnostic cutoff value for those factors associated with LBP. Nineteen CEA between the ages of 12 and 17 years were voluntarily recruited. Potential risk factors evaluated included corporal composition, lower limb ROM, core endurance and sagittal spinal measures. Associations and predictions were calculated between these risk factors and the LBP during the last 12 months. Almost half of the CEA have suffered at least one episode of LBP. Two risk factors and cutoff values were identified as predictors of LBP in CEA: having a high body fat higher than 23% (p = 0.01) and trunk lateral flexor endurance lower to 65 s (p = 0.021), body fat being the strongest predictor.

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Investigation of the use of inertial sensing equipment for the measurement of hip flexion and pelvic rotation in horse riders

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Crooked tail carriage in horses: Increased prevalence in lame horses and those with thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension or sacroiliac joint region pain

Crooked tail carriage in horses: Increased prevalence in lame horses and those with thoracolumbar epaxial muscle tension or sacroiliac joint region pain

The effects of rider size and saddle fit for horse and rider on forces and pressure distribution under saddles: A pilot study

Trunk Lateral Flexor Endurance and Body Fat: Predictive Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Child Equestrian Athletes

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