Investigation of the well-dispersed magnetorheological oil-based suspension with superparamagnetic nanoparticles using modified split Hopkinson pressure bar

Abstract

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are classified as smart materials whose viscoplastic characteristics change under the magnetic field. They are widely applied for dynamic energy dissipation due to their rapid thickening under the external magnetic field. In this work, the core–shell suspension of superparamagnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles was synthesized and dispersed in silicone oil. Much effort has been made to prepare suspension meeting requirements of MR fluid. The experimental squeezing flow response was studied using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with various shear rates. Tests with modified SHPB show that MR fluid rapidly responds to the compression thickening and forming chain-like structures. MR fluid dissipates the energy generated during compression stress tests. This study presents a simple and cost-effective synthesis way suitable for MR fluid formation for its dynamic energy dissipation application.

Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

“…The M s values for samples 1 and 3 are 84.4 and 65.6 emu g −1 , respectively. The values of the saturation magnetization and the shape of the hysteresis for sample 1 are similar to the characteristics of the bare iron oxide nanoparticles, where M s is about ~90 emu g −1 [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. According to the values for the nanoparticles obtained from the hydrometallurgical waste, Sankaran et al present ferromagnetic Co 0.87 Ni 0.13 Fe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with M s of about 62 emu g −1 and a coercivity of about 1420 and 760 Oe, respectively [ 32 ].…”

“…The effect of the field is most profoundly observed in the low shear rate regime showing up to a 300% rise and then becoming almost insignificant as the shear rate is increased. The size of this effect is similar to SPIONs made of pure iron oxide [ 38 ]. Figure 8 b presents the change in the viscosity of MRF over the amplitude of the magnetic field, where the shear rate was about 0.3 s −1 .…”

Magnetorheological fluids: A concise review of composition, physicochemical properties, and models

“…Thus, the most preferred magnetic particle size is a range of 1–10 µm, while smaller particle sizes do not provide sufficient yield strength, and bigger particle sizes generate problems with sedimentation (Pei and Peng, 2022). According to the magnetic properties, the most common magnetic particles occur in ferromagnetism, while also superparamagnetic particles can be used (Osial et al, 2022). In turn, fluid phases are commonly used in silicone oils (Chae et al, 2016), mineral oils, lubricant oil (Kim et al, 2011), vegetable oils, liquid paraffin, petroleum, kerosene, poly-alpha olefin synthetic oil, polyesters, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, ionic liquids (Guerrero-Sanchez et al, 2007), glycol, perfluorinated polymers, poly (phenyl ethers), high alkylated cyclopentanes, or water (Cheng et al, 2009.…”

“…Apart from CI nanoparticles, also iron (II and III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) (Choi et al, 2020; Osial et al, 2022), iron (Fe), and Fe-based alloys like FeCo, Ni-Fe, FePt, and iron-based composites are reported to be used in MRF. The response of the MRF under the external magnetic field mainly depends on the magnetic properties of the particles, although the size and shape of particles have a significant influence on the magnetic properties of magnetic particles (Gutiérrez et al, 2021).…”

Green composites based on volcanic red algae Cyanidiales, cellulose, and coffee waste biomass modified with magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of methylene blue

“…Besides providing magnetic properties, such an approach significantly improves the adsorption properties of the pristine compounds by enhancing their active surface areas (Arbab et al 2021 ; Aragaw et al 2021 ). One of the most promising materials for this application, offering a high surface area to volume ratio, non-cytotoxicity, fast kinetics, strong adsorption capacities, and photostability, is iron oxide (Sylvester et al ( 2007 ); Pietrzyk et al ( 2022 ); Olusegun et al ( 2021 )) making it possible to be applied in different fields, from water remediation to medical diagnostics and even vibration dissipation (Xu et al 2012 ; Dave and Chopda 2014 ; Kaili et al 2019 ; Gaweda et al ( 2020 ); Żuk et al 2021 ; Nieciecka et al ( 2021 ); Osial et al 2022 ). When used as a coat in core-shell composites, it improves the versatility and effectiveness of the adsorbent employed in wastewater treatment (Gutierrez et al 2017 ), especially when it comes to the facile magnetic separation employing simple magnets or electromagnets and then reusing it in another treatment cycles (Sharma et al 2018 ).…”