Investigation of Virulence Factors in Microbial Organisms that Associated with Public Health Risk Isolates from Different Environmental Regions

Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by infected tools in the environments are threaten to the safety and public health. Transmission sources of these infectious diseases are unknown, but it is thought that non-living materials called fomites, are the major source of acquired infections. Three hundred and one swabs were taken from different sources and cultured on blood agar to study heamolysis ability of isolated bacteria. In this study, MacConkey agar was used to isolate Gram-negative bacteria and Sabouraud agar (SDA) to isolate fungi. The biofilm formation test was done by Congo red plate assay. 41 (13.6%) bacterial isolates were obtained and (18.27%) of fungi were isolated on Sabouraud agar (SDA). Staphylococcus aureus was the more frequent bacterial species that isolated in this study. 29% of samples showed hemolysin activity on blood agar and 32%of the isolates were biofilm- producer. Results revealed that (7.9%) of Gram-negative bacteria harbored the fimH gene, (9%) harbored the icaA were Gram-positive and 6.3 % of fungal samples had HWP1 gene. Furthermore, (9.3%) from the total samples are bacterial samples harbored hla gene belong to Staphylococcus spp. Furthermore, (5.07%) of tested samples possessed hlyA gene were Gram-negative bacteria. We found in our study that infectious organisms can be transmitted from one individual to another by fomites responsible for acquired infection.

The effect of methanolic extract of Spirogyra varians on biofilm genes expression of Staphylococcus aureus

“…In recent years the increasing in multi drug resistance bacteria was emerging [28,29], causing increase in public health problems that is not affect of health sector only but also in economics [30]. the employing natural substances like medicinal herbs appears to be the most viable way to treat these diseases.…”

Effect of Some Metals Ions on Hemolysin Production from Clinical Isolates of Escherichia Coli

“…Additionally, it remains significant relevance as a pathogen, capable of inducing both intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans and animals. 1 Hemolysins have been found as significant virulence factors in a range of bacterial infections, E. coli hemolysins may be classified into three distinct categories: namely coli α-hemolysin (HlyA), enterohemolysin (EhxA), and hemolysin E (HlyE) (Murase et al, 2012;Abid et al, 2022). 2,3 Pathogens often suffer from metal limits throughout the course of an illness.…”

“…1 Hemolysins have been found as significant virulence factors in a range of bacterial infections, E. coli hemolysins may be classified into three distinct categories: namely coli α-hemolysin (HlyA), enterohemolysin (EhxA), and hemolysin E (HlyE) (Murase et al, 2012;Abid et al, 2022). 2,3 Pathogens often suffer from metal limits throughout the course of an illness. Changes in the levels of certain metal ions have a major effect on cellular physiology and the regulation of gene expression.…”

Evaluation of some Hematological and Inflammatory Factors in Iraqi Patients Suffering from COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The pathogens can be transmitted by droplets that contaminate the air, hands, and surfaces or from person to person by fomites [4]. Respiratory failure, kidney failure, septic shock, hemorrhage, and heart failure are the primary causes of death associated with COVID-19.…”