Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries

Ponraj, Rubha; McAllister, Simon D.; Cheng, I. Francis; Edwards, Dean B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.077

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During the last decade, a variety of functional materials have been investigated as efficient electrode additives 167–169. For example, an addition of 2.3 wt.% titanium wire increased the utilization efficiency of PbO 2 to 64% at fast discharge rates without detrimental effects 170. By optimizing the size and weight ratio, addition of porous diatomites showed a 12.7% improvement in the active material utilization and a 9.3% increase in specific capacity at a high discharge rate of 50 mA cm −2 as compared to samples without diatomaceous earth additives 171.…”

Section: Functional Materials For Rechargeable Lead‐acid Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the redox‐flow battery can charge and discharge more effectively with increasing temperature and the normal working temperature is near 25 °C. Figure a shows the galvanostatic charge and discharge profiles of a typical V/Br flow cell, illustrating a sloping shape with stable cyclability 184. The overall energy efficiency of this battery, which is defined as the ratio of the energy between the discharge and charge processes, increases with increasing temperature and decreasing current density (Figure 12b).…”

Section: Functional Materials For Rechargeable Redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

et al. 2011

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There is an ever-growing demand for rechargeable batteries with reversible and efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Rechargeable batteries cover applications in many fields, which include portable electronic consumer devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale electricity storage in smart or intelligent grids. The performance of rechargeable batteries depends essentially on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved in the components (i.e., the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator) of the cells. During the past decade, extensive efforts have been dedicated to developing advanced batteries with large capacity, high energy and power density, high safety, long cycle life, fast response, and low cost. Here, recent progress in functional materials applied in the currently prevailing rechargeable lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride, lead acid, vanadium redox flow, and sodium-sulfur batteries is reviewed. The focus is on research activities toward the ionic, atomic, or molecular diffusion and transport; electron transfer; surface/interface structure optimization; the regulation of the electrochemical reactions; and the key materials and devices for rechargeable batteries.

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Section: Functional Materials For Rechargeable Lead‐acid Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Materials For Rechargeable Redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

et al. 2011

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“…In this process, a sulfonic acid group forms lead lignosulfonates with lead ions, which provides more nucleation sites for lead sulfate. [65][66][67] This avoids the production of more sulfate material, resulting in fewer cycles.…”

Section: Applications In Energy Storage Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

et al. 2023

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As one of the key raw materials that replace petroleum materials in today‘s world, biomass resources could be regarded as a promising resource. Currently, lignin and its derivatives are the only lignocellulosic biomass found to possess aromatic rings. Extending the application area of lignin requires overcoming the limitations of its low hydrophilicity. Sulfonation process becomes the most effective method for preparing lignosulfonates. An analysis of the mechanisms by which different lignosulfonates are prepared. It compared the effects of various modification methods on charge density and sulfonate group content in lignosulfonates. It also examined how different separation techniques affect the properties of lignosulfonates. As a result of being more water‐soluble, there is also a review of cutting‐edge research in the fields of energy, medicine, and agriculture. Also, the possible uses of lignosulfonate are talked about, and ideas are given for how this compound could be improved in the future.

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“…In addition, the active material of positive electrode is inferior in mechanical strength and tends to soften and fall off. Therefore, many efforts have been devoted to add an additive to the positive lead paste to improve the performance of the positive electrode plate, various types of additives are broadly divided into three categories: conductive additives (mostly carbon materials and anisotropic graphite) [6][7][8], inorganic additives (mostly metal oxides) [9][10][11], and organic and organic polymers (including various fibers and binders) [12][13][14]. Although many reports have focused on the use of additives to increase the utilisation rate of positive active materials, there remain challenges to remarkably improving the performance of the positive materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of graphite‐based lead carbon cathode and its performance of batteries

Shen

Jin

Zhao

et al. 2019

Micro & Nano Letters

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Pb (PGP) composite material, which was used as a positive electrode to study its electrochemical performance. The scanning electron microscopy images of the electrochemically treated graphite/Pb conductive substrate show that the substrate possesses a three-dimensional porous structure. The active lead is uniformly deposited on the surface of the graphite/Pb substrate, which ensures the stability of the electrode structure and avoids collapse. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that PGP composite has high conductivity and contains multiple redox peaks in different potential intervals. By analysing the CV diagram, the charge-discharge voltage is set at 2.2 V, which shows that the initial specific capacity of the battery can reach 218.2 mAh/g. After 200 cycles, the capacity still reaches 191.4 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate is 87.7%. These values indicate that the battery composed of the novel graphite/Pb composite has a high initial specific capacity and good stability.

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Investigation on electronically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

Preparation of graphite‐based lead carbon cathode and its performance of batteries

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