Investigation on p-type lithium niobate crystals

Pei, Zingway; Hu, Qingming; Kong, Yong; Liu, Shiguo; Chen, Shaolin; Xu, Jingjun

doi:10.1063/1.3647503

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 , n‐type semiconducting properties were obtained using reducing treatments, and by doping crystals with Fe or Cu . While p‐type semiconductor properties of LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 were measured in Li‐deficient LN films grown by PLD or with Zr 4+ or Hf 4+ ion doping . Innovative ferroelectronic designs can be made by utilizing and studying the charged domain walls or current leakages .…”

Section: Physical Properties and Targeted Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Bartasyte

Margueron

Baron

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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In 1928, Zachariasen discovered the LiNbO 3 phase. [1] The first single crystals were grown using the flux method by Matthias Over the past five decades, LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 single crystals and thin films have been studied intensively for their exceptional acoustic, electro-optical, and pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. Today, LiNbO 3 single crystals in electro-optics are equivalent to silicon in electronics, and about 70% of radio-frequency (RF) filters, based on surface acoustic waves, are fabricated on these single crystals. These materials in the form of thin films are needed urgently for the development of the next-generation of high-frequency and/or wide-band RF filters or tuneable frequency filters adapted to the fifth generation of infrastructures/networks/communications. The integration of LiNbO 3 films in guided nanophotonic devices will allow higher operational frequencies, wider bandwidth, and miniaturized optical devices in line with improved electronic conversion. Here, the challenges and the achievements in the epitaxial growth of LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 thin films and their integration with silicon technology and to acoustic and guided nanophotonic devices are discussed in detail. The systematic representation and classification of all epitaxial relationships reported in the literature have been carried out in order to help the prediction of the epitaxial orientations in the new heterostructures. Future prospects of potential applications and the expected performances of thin film devices are overviewed, as well.Figure 2. Schematic representation of the layer transfer process by the ion slicing technique consisting of a) ion implantation, b) wafer bonding, c) laser irradiation or heating in order to obtain d) a single crystalline layer on the host (Si) substrate. Reproduced with permission. [53]Figure 3. a,b) Electron microscopy images and c) schematic diagram of a microresonator based on LiNbO 3 film on Si and fabricated by the layer transfer technique. Reproduced with permission. [53]The first reports on the growth of c-axis-oriented LN films by liquid phase epitaxy on an LT substrate and by RF sputtering Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 4, 1600998 www.advmatinterfaces.de www.advancedsciencenews.com Figure 6. Frequency response of a) HBAR and b) FBAR based on thinned X-cut LiNbO 3 layer on Si. Schematic representations of a) HBAR and b) FBAR structures are given in the insets. Reproduced with permission. [78]

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Section: Physical Properties and Targeted Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Bartasyte

Margueron

Baron

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Holographic characteristics of these samples in the UV-visible range were investigated by two-wave mixing in transmission geometry at the wavelength of 351, 473 and 532 nm provided by an Ar + laser and continuous wave frequency-doubled solid-state lasers, respectively [24,25]. The experimental setup is illustrated schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current

et al. 2017

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A series of pure congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 , CLN) crystals were grown and directly polarized under different electric currents in the growth furnace. Their holographic properties were investigated from the ultraviolet to the visible range. The response time shortened, whereas the diffraction efficiency increased incrementally with the electric current. In particular, the response time of CLN polarized under 100 mA can be reduced by a factor of 10 with a still high saturation diffraction efficiency of about 40.8% at 351 nm. Moreover, its response speed improved by 60 times and 10 times for 473 and 532 nm laser, respectively. The light erasing behavior implies that at least two kinds of photorefractive centers exist in the crystals. Increasing the polarization current induces two pronounced UV absorption peaks and a wide visible absorption peak in CLN crystals. The diffusion effect dominates the photorefractive process and electrons are the dominant carriers. The possible mechanism for the fast photorefractive response is discussed. Increasing the polarization electric current is an effective method to improve the photorefractive response of LN crystal.

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“…However, great progress has been made in recent years to modify the electrical properties of LiNbO3. For example, p-type LiNbO3 could be obtained by doping the crystal with Zr 4+ , which, combined with the general ntype LiNbO3, provides a possibility to fabricate p-n junction based on LiNbO3 [4]. It was reported that the electric conductivity in the domain wall region was greatly increased in LiNbO3, which is very promising in the application of nanoscale electronics [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Conductivity Increase Related to UV-light Assisted Domain Inversion in Mg-doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

et al. 2015

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Investigation on p-type lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current

Unusual Conductivity Increase Related to UV-light Assisted Domain Inversion in Mg-doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

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Investigation on p-type lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current

Unusual Conductivity Increase Related to UV-light Assisted Domain Inversion in Mg-doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

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Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications

Toward High‐Quality Epitaxial LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Thin Films for Acoustic and Optical Applications