Investigation on the Antibacterial and Anti‐T3SS Activity of Traditional Myanmar Medicinal Plants

Abstract

Myanmar has a rich pool of, but less known, medicinal plants with traditional knowledge. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of traditional Myanmar medicinal plants against the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956 and the intestinal disease-caused by microbes including S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956, Proteusbacillus vulgaris CPCC 160013, Escherichia coli CICC 10003, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The EtOH extracts of 93 samples were used to screen the inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS effector proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica and the antibacterial activity against S. enterica, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and S. aureus. Out of 71 crude drugs traditionally used, 18 were proofed to be effective either on the growth inhibition of tested bacteria and/or as inhibitors for the T3SS. The EtOH extracts of five plants, Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. (My7), Myrica nagi Thunb. (My11), Terminalia citrina Roxb. ex Fleming (My21), Thymus vulgaris L. (My49), and Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet (My104), showed potent inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ 8956. Mansonia gagei J.R.Drumm (My3) and Mesua ferrea (Roxb.) L. (My10) showed strong antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. This study provided the first scientific evidence of T3SS prohibiting and antibacterial properties for the traditional knowledge in Myanmar of using plants as medicines for treating infections and gastrointestinal disease. Further researches are proposed to discover the active chemical compounds and mechanism of L. scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn, M. nagi Thunb., T. citrina Roxb. ex Fleming, T. vulgaris L., and C. bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet as antivirulence drugs and the potential of M. gagei J.R.Drumm and M. ferrea L. as new broad spectrum plant antibiotics.

Chemical Constituents from Ethanoic Extracts of the Aerial Parts of Leea aequata L., a Traditional Folk Medicine of Myanmar

“…For example, Nwet Nwet Win published a series of papers on natural compounds isolated from Kaempferia pulchra [ 6 ], Premna integrifolia [ 7 ], and Kayea assamica [ 8 , 9 ]. Other examples include extracts with anti-influenza virus property from Jatropha multifida [ 10 ], along with evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of indigenous medicinal plants [ 11 , 12 ]. However, the discovery of the traditional knowledge, biological constituents, and pharmacological properties of the vast pool of Myanmar medicinal plants just commences, and intensive field explorations and scientific validations are much needed.…”

Anti-virulence activities of biflavonoids from <i>Mesua ferrea</i> L. flower

“…The extracts PEE, EAE and BuE together with the purified 10 compounds (1-10) were screened for their inhibitory effects on the secretion of the SPI-1 effector proteins of S. Typhimurium. Cytosporone B was used as the positive control (12,20). The 25°C overnight cultures of S. enterica were diluted 10 times with LB medium containing 0.2% L-arabinose and cultivated for 4 h at 37°C/220 rpm in the absence or presence of extracts (100 μg/mL) or compounds (100 μM).…”

“…This procedure was the same as our previous described (12,20). S. Typhimurium was cultured and treated as described above.…”

“…The dried flowers are used for fever, astringent, antiinflammation and also used in dysentery and antityphoid (8,9). In recent years, many bioactivities of M. ferrea were reported including antibacterial (8,(10)(11)(12)(13), antiarthritic (14), antioxidant and immunomodulatory (15), antispasmodic (16), estrogenic and progestational activity (17) and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity (18). Our screening results on 93 Myanmar medicinal plants suggested that the flower extract of M. ferrea exhibited potent antibacterial and anti-T3SS activity (12).…”

Enhanced Stability and Bioactivity of Curcuma comosa Roxb. Extract in Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers

“…It has been used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in many Asian countries [1,2]. The individual compounds isolated from C. comosa have displayed various biological properties such as estrogenic [3], choleretic [4], nematocidal [5], anti-inflammatory [6], antioxidant [7], and antibacterial activities [8]. The active constituents of C. comosa extract have been identified as acetophenones, curcuminoids, sesquiterpenes, and diarylheptanoids [9].…”