Investigation on the immunity level of breeder flocks following vaccination with Newcastle disease virus vaccine

Abstract

In an investigation of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination programme, the performance of ND killed vaccine as a secondary one was performed to examine duration and level of antibody in both broiler and layer breeder parent stock in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to April 2004. For this, a total of 210 broiler and layer breeder birds of seven different breeds and ages flocks with history of regular vaccination were selected. A total of 30 breeder birds were selected for each of the experimental group. Birds, each of seven flocks were vaccinated with commercially availably two ND killed vaccine named as "Newcevac Nobilis®" and "Nobivac ND broiler®", Intervet. The Lohman Brown (LB-31), BV-300 (B-36), BV-300 (B-22) and Lohman Brown (LB-24) layer breeder birds were vaccinated with Newcevac Nobilis® killed vaccine @ 0.5ml/bird by intra-muscular route at 28, 25, 16 and 19 weeks of age and blood samples were collected at the age of 31, 36, 22 and 24 weeks and showed mean HI antibody titer ± SD 1518.93 ± 593.50, 563.20 ± 303.65, 1177.60 ± 618.36 and 1604.26 ± 655.04 respectively. In case of broiler breeder parent stock, Kasila (K-16), Kasila (K-34) and CoBB (Co-17) which were vaccinated with Nobivac ND broiler® killed vaccine @ 0.2ml/bird by intra-muscular route at 13, 24 and 13 weeks of age and sera samples were collected at 16, 34 and 17 weeks of age respectively which showed mean HI antibody titre ± SD 1117.87 ± 670.55, 725.33 ± 315.93 and 1109.33 ± 670.04 respectively. Considering the result of the study, vaccination with ND killed vaccine provoked a high level of humoral immunity and such a high level of antibody, as were observed, could be useful for breeder farms where chicks are required to have higher maternal antibody during their chick hood.

Development of BHK-21 Cell line Adapted Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccine

“…The killed vaccine showed a satisfactory antibody titer (128±59.25) where the protective label is 128 or more along with conventional live RDV vaccine. These findings are closely related with the findings of Saha (1997), Rajeswar and Masillamoni (2002), Samad et al, (2007) and Khalil et al, (2011).…”

“…Such vaccines and the program of vaccination have been found inadequate to protect chicken against ND in Bangladesh (Chowdhury et al 1982). Other groups of researchers have conducted research on the ND vaccines and their efficacy (Kafi et al, 2003;Rahman et al, 2004;Shil et al, 2006;Samad et al, 2007;Khalil et al, 2011). Despite regular vaccination, the disease is found to appear every year in many poultry farm as epidemic form causing 40-60 percent of the total mortality of chicken in Bangladesh.…”

Protective efficacy of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII–matched vaccine in commercial layers

“…Similar findings were reported by Raghul et al., 2006 , who suggested that HI levels of 6 log 2 or higher were typically thought of as being protective against mortalities after the velogenic NDV challenge. However, other authors reported no obvious differences in HI titers between protection against mortalities associated with the use of inactivated NDV GVII or GII vaccines when challenged with the velogenic GVII NDV ( Samad et al., 2007 , Shunlin et al., 2009 , Kapczynski et al., 2013 , Yang et al., 2017 ). With regard to protection against reduced egg production, considerable differences were observed based on the use of genotype-matched vaccines, demonstrating a better protective effect (in the group G1) over the non–genotype-matched group (G2) in relation to the pattern, amount of eggs produced, interval of drop, and required days to return to the normal production level ( Figure 4 ).…”

Follow up the antibodies titer against Newcastle disease virus in broiler breeders using ELISA test

“…Also, for avoidance the loss of egg trait, egg production, hatching and to achieve extreme level of antibodies titer in broiler breeder flocks (19). In this study the titer of antibodies was elevated suddenly and reach to high level 37512±2049.4 at 20-1 week/day of age and this elevation of titer was due to the rolling or circulating of field virus within the flock with on obvious clinical signs (subclinical infection) or may have donated to the fact that existing vaccines and vaccination programs are not maximally efficient in avoiding the transmission of infection (20) and it was described that vaccination campaigns of poultry against ND can only protect the birds from the more severe consequence of highly pathogenic (velogenic) NDV, but not from infection and replication of the virulent strains of virus (21). Despite broad use of ND vaccines but the disease is quite recorded sometimes as subclinical infections that may be considered the cause of raise of antibodies titer in this pattern.…”