Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive

Magaril, Elena; Магарил, Р. З.; Al-Kayiem, Hussain H.; Skvortsova, Elena Nikolaevna; Anisimov, I. A.; Rada, Elena Cristina

doi:10.3390/su11072165

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Each of the prepared DCA batch formulations contained a substance with detergentemulsifying properties, a carrier oil, and a solvent. Substances prepared in Oil and Gas Institute-National Research Institute (INiG-PIB): 6-dodecyl-3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- [1,3]-benzoxazine (DEM1) and 2-(((3-dimethylaminopropyl)amino)methyl)-4-dodecylphenol (DEM2)-were used as detergent-emulsifying additives. Commercial Petrotex DF30 carrier oil from PCC Synteza S.A., a propoxylated dodecylphenol, was used.…”

Section: Preparation Of Detergent-emulsifying Additive Batchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the necessity to diversify fuels because of decreasing petroleum oil sources, accompanied by the increase in the demand for fuels and increasingly strict limitations on CO 2 emissions, alternative fuels are becoming more significant. The fundamental criterion determining the possibility of using an alternative fuel for currently used vehicles is its pro-ecological properties, and ethanol fuels are characterized by such properties [1][2][3]. However, this does not mean that the use of ethanol-containing fuels is not connected to various problems and hazards for an engine's operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness

et al. 2021

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An increasing percentage of ethanol in fuel leads to significant changes in polarity and solubility, which makes conventional gasoline deposit control additives (DCAs) difficult to dissolve in ethanol fuels, resulting in the formation of deposits on engine elements. Critical areas of deposit formation in an engine are constituted by inlet valves, combustion chambers, and fuel injectors. As a consequence, operational parameters of the engine are disturbed to a large extent by the total effect of the deposits. To prevent the aforementioned phenomena, in the operation of engines fueled with ethanol-containing blends, it is necessary to use specifically prepared DCAs. The paper briefly presents a process of development of DCAs dedicated to high-ethanol fuels. Each of the prepared DCA formulations contained a substance having detergent-emulsifying properties (referred to in the text as DEM), a carrier oil, and a solvent. The composition and ratios of components used in the DCA, by testing their effectiveness in engine deposit formation, are verified. A motor station and a test procedure developed for this purpose were used. In search of alternative solutions to conventional polyisobutyleneamines (PIBA) and polyetheramines (PEA) surfactants, which have good solubility in hydrocarbons but not in ethanol, a substance with a benzoxazine structure and a Mannich base were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) DCAs were developed, and the effectiveness of their action was verified. Moreover, attention was paid to the dosage level of the DEM and the carrier oil in the DCA. Finally, it was confirmed in the studies carried out that DCAs used for improvement of conventional hydrocarbon engine gasolines are not efficient enough when used in E85 fuels. In the case of the latter, DCAs that have been specifically developed for such fuels should be used, because they have a different chemical structure, and are soluble in the ethanol-gasoline mixture in any ratio of both components.

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Section: Preparation Of Detergent-emulsifying Additive Batchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness

et al. 2021

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“…Nowadays, the exacerbated problem of climate change and atmospheric pollution necessitates the application of technologies for decreasing greenhouse gases and toxic emissions from power generating facilities [6,7] and vehicle operation [8][9][10][11]. One approach to the solution is applying coal and biomass co-firing energy generation [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of biomass–coal fuel mixtures

Al-Kayiem¹,

Magaril²,

Wahhab³

2021

Int. J. EQ

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Agricultural waste products have huge energy content and have the potential to be harnessed to generate energy. This paper presents experimental investigation results on the biomass obtained from Malaysia's agricultural sector mixed with coal for combustion to generate power. A total of seven different types of biomass samples have been considered, mainly oil palm trunk, oil palm fruit shell, oil palm fruit fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch, oil palm leaf, oil palm frond, and chicken manure. They were mixed with semi-bituminous coal at several mixing percentages (2% biomass, 5% biomass, 10% biomass, 15% biomass). The mixtures then underwent analyses in the form of energy content or calorific value test, ultimate analysis, and proximate analysis. The results have been presented in terms of the energy content, carbon content, degradation temperature, and combustion-produced matters. Results show that the energy content of the coal-biomass mixture is generally lower than that of pure coal. Biomass can be co-fired with coal but at a low percentage, estimated to be not more than 10% biomass content. A biomass type that has potential and should be studied is the oil palm fruit shell. However, a balance is required for any electricity generation application between the energy content per unit weight and the other parameters such as properties of the released flue gas and ash properties.

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“…It is known that the transition to the nanoscale state significantly changes the reactivity as well as chemical and physical properties of substances. According to studies previously conducted by the authors [10], [11], multifunctional fuel additives must combine the properties of a surfactant and an effective catalyst for redox reactions. The use of the size effect allows application of nanoscale and nanostructured materials in the development of new generation catalysts with larger amount of active metal involved in catalysis due to an increase in the fraction of surface atoms in their total number, which increases their specific activity in comparison with traditional solid state catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Modified Gasoline to Increase Energy Efficiency and Environmental Parameters of Vehicle Operation

Magaril

Магарил

2020

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The implementation of the strategy for the transition of mankind to consciously regulated development is inextricably linked with the requirements for reducing the energy and resource intensity of the economy. Automobile transport is one of the main consumers of hydrocarbon fuels, which, with the growth of the global car fleet, inevitably causes negative consequences for the environment, and the environmental load increases, even considering the progress in the quality of motor fuels. A radical change in the structure of the global fleet with the transition to the use of "green" types of fuel and energy is impossible to implement in short order and is not rational from the economic point of view. An urgent task is to search for the diversified approaches using new-generation technologies for the environmentally friendly adaptation of the use of traditional motor fuels and to reduce the energy intensity of the transport process. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities of increasing fuel efficiency and improving cars' environmental performance using gasoline modified by the introduction of a highly effective nano-additive. The tests carried out on the effect of the introduction of the nanoadditive in the conditions of suburban driving demonstrated a decrease in the specific gasoline consumption up to 14.08%. This reduction in fuel consumption is accompanied by a corresponding reduction in emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases. It was found that improving the combustion process of the fuel with the introduction of the additive reduced the levels of noise and vibration, thus reducing pollution of the acoustic environment. The use of gasoline modified by the introduction of nano-additives will reduce the energy intensity of the transport process and will contribute to improving the environmental situation.

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Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness

Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness

Experimental characterization of biomass–coal fuel mixtures

Application of Modified Gasoline to Increase Energy Efficiency and Environmental Parameters of Vehicle Operation

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