The
global environmental issues associated with the use of fossil
fuels lead to an urgent need for renewable energy sources, especially
those free of CO2 emissions, such as green hydrogen. In
this work, we successfully synthesized Mo-doped SrTiO3 by
a molten salt method for photocatalytic hydrogen production under
simulated solar light (AM 1.5G illumination). As a strategy to enhance
the photocatalytic performance of Mo:SrTiO3, nickel-based
nanoparticles (NiO@Ni(OH)2) were deposited onto the surface
of the particles by modified magnetron sputtering to form a p–n
heterojunction (HJ), resulting in the photocatalytic improvement of
around 30-fold concerning pristine SrTiO3. Theoretical
investigation of the electronic band structure, by DFT, reveals that
the addition of Mo as a dopant leads to the formation of midgap states
near the conduction band, further attributed to the photoactivity
of Mo:SrTiO3 under visible-light illumination (>400
nm).
The obtained structure, Mo:SrTiO3/NiO@Ni(OH)2, had its electronic behavior studied by XPS, Mott–Schottky
analysis, and UV–vis spectroscopy, leading to the construction
of a band diagram that confirms type-II p–n HJ formation. Remarkably,
the formation of the HJ was responsible for establishing an internal
electric field, which drives the photogenerated holes to the NiO@Ni(OH)2 structure, leading to the suppression of electron–hole
recombination, observed by the reduction of the PL signal.