Investigation to Measure Risk Free Exposure from Mobile Base Station Antennas in Residential Area

Lamba, O.S.; Sharma, Abhishek; Sanadhya, Minakshi

doi:10.1109/icmete.2018.00026

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A Narda SRM-3006 [26] EMF selective radiation meter is used for the measurements, which supports a frequency range from 9 kHz to 6 GHz, and has a three-axis isotropic antenna (E-field). Figure 5 shows the site and the meter position during FIGURE 4 The 3G U900 hourly total traffic and system load of the site.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the deployed sites include the second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and recently Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) has been introduced. Because of the accumulation of more technologies, the increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) levels raises concern about the side effects on human health [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic field exposure boundary analysis at the near field for multi‐technology cellular base station site

Elbasheir,

Saeed,

Edam

2023

IET Communications

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Mobile networks are expanding quickly as a result of significant advancements in wireless technologies and solutions, especially with the recent introduction of the Fifth Generation New Radio. The growth in mobile networks requires the installation of massive numbers of base stations that bring concerns about increasing overall electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels. The International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has published guidelines that have been adopted by many regulators in many countries to control the overall radiation emitted from EMF transmitters. This paper studies the compliance boundary for a single site operating with multiple technologies including from the second generation (2G) to 5G colocated in the same site. The analysis is performed using a typical site configuration setup for the boundary calculations in the form of the Compliance Distance (CD). The calculation uses the power reduction factor and system load for more realistic results, and in situ measurements are conducted to validate the calculation's formula. The study also investigated the CD for four types of sites, macro, micro, small cell, and indoor sites. Additionally, the study analyzed the power densities (PDs) and total exposure ratio (TER) for the general public and occupational workers at each site. The results show that CD has shorter distances when the power factor is considered, and 5G makes the highest contribution to the TER at the CD in the main directions of the antenna.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic field exposure boundary analysis at the near field for multi‐technology cellular base station site

Elbasheir,

Saeed,

Edam

2023

IET Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most deployed sites involve the 2G Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR, which has recently been introduced. The installation of more BSs raises electromagnetic field exposure levels, which has become a source of concern due to the effects on human health [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Several well-known international organizations have set standard guidelines, i.e., the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [ 6 , 7 ] and the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in the USA [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Technology Multi-Operator Site Sharing: Compliance Distance Analysis for EMF Exposure

Elbasheir

Saeed

Edam

2023

Sensors

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In recent years, the development of wireless technologies has led to fast growth in mobile networks, especially with the rise of 5G New Radio (5G NR). A huge number of base stations (BSs) are mandatory to serve the growth of mobile services, which has led to concerns about the increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels. To control the overall power emitted by EMF transmitters, international bodies have set maximum exposure limits. This paper investigates the compliance distances (CDs) of shared sites by a group of Mobile Network Operators (MNO) as multi-operators operating with multi-technology and sharing the same tower. The study investigated the CDs of the most two commonly used types of sharing sites, macro and indoor-Based solution sites (IBS). In addition, the study analyzed the power densities and total exposure ratios for the general public and occupational workers in each sharing scenario. The results showed that, compared with a single MNO, the CD increased by 41% in the case of two MNOs, 73% for three MNOs, and 100% for four MNOs. The EMF site sharing scale-up formula was used to estimate the increase in CDs for N number of MNOs assuming that all MNOs use the same site configuration. In addition, the results showed that 5G has the highest contribution to the total exposure ratio (TER) at the CD in the main direction of the antennae.

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EMF Exposure De-Concertation Model for Multi-Technology Mobile Base-Station

Elbasheir,

Saeed,

Edam

2024

2024 6th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)

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Investigation to Measure Risk Free Exposure from Mobile Base Station Antennas in Residential Area

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Electromagnetic field exposure boundary analysis at the near field for multi‐technology cellular base station site

Electromagnetic field exposure boundary analysis at the near field for multi‐technology cellular base station site

Multi-Technology Multi-Operator Site Sharing: Compliance Distance Analysis for EMF Exposure

EMF Exposure De-Concertation Model for Multi-Technology Mobile Base-Station

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