Controlling
polymorphism crystallization can be used to tune the
intrinsic properties of a material without introducing any other atoms
and is, therefore, of important technological significance. Although
diversity in polymorphisms has been extensively studied, an intensive
understanding of the relationships between their structure and properties
is limited. Herein, a systematic investigation on the phase transformation,
synthesis, structure, controlled growth, as well as the functional
properties was performed for the polar metastable polymorph β-BaTeW2O9, which was grown via the top-seeded solution
growth method using TeO2–WO3 as a flux.
β-BaTeW2O9 crystallizes in an acentric
space group P21 (No. 4, a = 5.499 (6) Å, b = 7.469 (9) Å, c = 8.936 (10) Å, and Z = 2), with
a two-dimensional layered structure consisting of WO6 octahedra
linked to TeO4 polyhedra. A notable phase transformation
occurred from β-BaTeW2O9 to α-BaTeW2O9 at ∼608 °C and was demonstrated
by the differential scanning calorimetry analysis combined with the
in situ powder X-ray pattern measurements. This phase transformation
was irreversible. This compound exhibited strong second harmonic generation
response of 1.5 × KTiOPO4 (KTP) with a
type-I phase-matching characteristic. Moreover, it also showed an
excellent thermal stability and possessed a greatly broad transparent
range from 0.325 to 5.70 μm with a large bandgap of 3.50 eV.
In addition, electronic structure calculations revealed that WO6 and TeO4 are critical for producing a substantial
nonlinear optical (NLO) response. These outstanding attributes indicate
that β-BaTeW2O9 is a promising NLO material.