Investigations into the effects of electron beam welding on thick Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy

Saresh, N.; Pillai, M. G. Krishna; Mathew, Jose

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.048

Cited by 159 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the formation of a brittle cast structure, residual stresses, and undesirable deformation limits their applications to critical structural components [1,2]. Friction stir welding (FSW) as a solid state welding process is one of the most promising techniques for joining sheets and thin plates made of titanium alloys, avoiding a large number of difficulties arising from the use of fusion welding processes, and could be used for the manufacturing of large size components for aerospace applications [3][4][5][6]. Moreover, FSW could also be used as an alternative manufacturing technology for the fabrication of hollow components made of Ti alloys which are traditionally produced by a combination of diffusion bonding and superplastic forming [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Wear Characteristics and Effect on Microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welded Joints

Fall

Fesharaki

Khodabandeh

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:In the present paper, tool wear and the rate of wear during friction stir welding (FSW) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy are investigated. A conical tungsten carbide tool was used to produce butt-type friction stir welded joints in two-millimeter thick Ti-6Al-4V sheets. An original design of a movable pin allowed for the examination of the tool damage for each process condition. The influence of tool degradation on the quality of the welded joints and the damage brought to the microstructure are examined and discussed. For this purpose, optical and scanning electron microscopies as well as EDX analyses were used to examine the tool wear and the resulting macrostructures and microstructures. The type and nature of the defects are also analyzed as a function of FSW processing parameters. Important geometry and weight variations were observed on the pin and shoulder for all welding conditions, in particular when low tool rotation and travel speeds were used. Experimental results also show that the radial wear of the pin is not uniform, indicating the presence of important frictional temperature gradients through the thickness of the joint. The maximum wear was measured at a location of about one millimeter from the pin root center. Finally, tool rotation was determined as the most significant process parameter influencing both tool wear and microstructure of the joints.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Wear Characteristics and Effect on Microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welded Joints

Fall

Fesharaki

Khodabandeh

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…The successful fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V lightweight structures requires efficient joining technologies and the availability of data on the mechanical and microstructural properties of welded titanium structures. In recent years, a variety of welding processes for Ti-6Al-4V have been developed, such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) Oh et al, 2003), electron beam welding (EBW) Oh et al, 2003;Li et al, 2011;Saresh et al, 2007;Wu, 2012, Wanjara et al 2005), laser beam welding (LBW) Cao and Jahazi, 2009;Torster et al, 1999;Pei-quan, 2012;Squillace et al, 2012;Tsay and Tsay, 1997;Wang et al 2003;Jianxun et al, 2012;Rai et al, 2007) and hybrid joining processes, e.g., laser gas metal arc welding (Petersen, 2012). From an industrial perspective, the LBW technique can be used to realise high working speeds and is the most cost-efficient and easy controllable joining process for the production of Ti-6Al-4V parts (Rosell, 2013;Vallhagen, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded Joints between Fine‐Grained and Standard Ti‐6Al‐4V Sheets Subjected to Superplastic Forming

et al. 2014

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Abstract:A fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V sheet that has been developed for superplastic forming was joined to a standard Ti-6Al-4V sheet using a Nd:YAG laser and alloy compatible filler wire. The microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar laser beam welded butt joints were investigated to determine their behaviour under static and cyclic loads and for superplastic forming. The filler wire affected the heat input and reduced the increase in the hardness within the fusion zone compared to that in the heat-affected zone. Moreover, the laser beam welding process activated local microstructure transformations that were associated with local changes in the microtexture, the  content and the grain size. The mechanical behaviour of a dissimilar laser beam welded butt joint under a static tensile load was controlled by the properties of the standard Ti-6Al-4V sheet. It is well known that geometrical notches affect fatigue behaviour, and fatigue fracture usually occurs within the heat-affected zones adjacent to the welding seam. However, removing the geometrical notches did not significantly improve the fatigue behaviour because local microstructural and microtextural changes still created metallurgical notches. Superplastic forming was observed in the fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V sheet without crack formation in the heat-affected zones or the fusion zone. The welding seam of the dissimilar fine-grained-standard butt joint was resistant to superplastic forming.

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“…(4) where E is the axial component of the electric field intensity in the keyhole, σ is the specific electrical conductivity of the laser induced plasma in the keyhole, R is the radius of the current conducting region. R is considered as the approximate radius of keyhole, when the keyhole is assumed to be a cylinder.…”

Section: Analysis Of Forces On Back Molten Poolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, due to the need for nation space science development, remarkable advances have been made in large-tonnage launch vehicles, spaceports and other equipment, and we have come a long way in production capacity and technology level of titanium alloys. The demand for titanium alloys with complex structural components with large volume and thickness is constantly increasing [3,4]. The advanced welding technology, which is considered as the common technique in components manufacturing, is one of the most attractive problems in the joining field of titanium alloys [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Pulsed Laser-TIG Hybrid Heat Source in Root Welding of Thick Plate Titanium Alloys

Shi

Zhou

2017

Applied Sciences

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Laser-TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding process is applied to produce stable back beads in the first layer during one-side multilayer welding. To explain why stable back beads can be formed, a comparison is conducted between single TIG and laser-TIG hybrid welding. Results indicate that during laser action the arc column is enhanced and deflected to the keyhole, which changes the spatial distribution of plasma by strong attraction. The keyhole plasma possesses extreme electric conductivity. After laser action, the enhanced arc is restituted, the low energy density arc acts on the molten pool, and the bottom of the molten pool is solidified to prevent its collapse. The heat and force are redistributed over the top of molten pool under the alternative action of the enhanced arc and original arc. In this case the thermal distribution and mechanical situation in the molten pool must be more balanced and reasonable, and the back bead appearance is continuous, stable and uniform. This process gives high quality and efficient root welding of the thick plate.

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Investigations into the effects of electron beam welding on thick Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy

Cited by 159 publications

References 7 publications

Tool Wear Characteristics and Effect on Microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welded Joints

Tool Wear Characteristics and Effect on Microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welded Joints

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded Joints between Fine‐Grained and Standard Ti‐6Al‐4V Sheets Subjected to Superplastic Forming

Application of Pulsed Laser-TIG Hybrid Heat Source in Root Welding of Thick Plate Titanium Alloys

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