Investigations of the Montmorillonite and Aluminium Trihydrate Addition Effects on the Ignitability and Thermal Stability of Asphalt

Zhu, Kai; Wu, Ke; Wu, Bin; Huang, Zhiyi

doi:10.1155/2014/847435

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This was followed by consumption of the fuel, which is illustrated by the slowly decreasing HRRPUA until the specimen self‐extinguished due to fuel depletion. Among all the aforementioned recipes, with the exception of Recipe B + M, Recipe B had a lower pHRRPUA value than the literature value for experiments performed at a much higher incident heat flux (50 kW/m 2 ) 29 . It was visually observed that the PMB transitioned to a more liquid state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Among all the aforementioned recipes, with the exception of Recipe B + M, Recipe B had a lower pHRRPUA value than the literature value for experiments performed at a much higher incident heat flux (50 kW/m 2 ). 29 It was visually observed that the PMB transitioned to a more liquid state. As a result, a more significant fraction of energy was used for this phase transition, thus resulting in a lower pHRRPUA.…”

Section: Heat Release Rate and Burning Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic fire‐retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod‐like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer‐modified bitumen roofing membranes

et al. 2020

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A novel intumescent (carbonization, acid donor and foaming) fire retardant that mimics carbon nanotubes was introduced into bitumen roofing and characterized using cone calorimetry as the main analytical tool. The experimental results indicate that 18% (by mass) attapulgite mineral (ATTP) mixed with base bitumen decreased the peak heat release rate per unit area (pHRRPUA) by 10%. Further, incorporation of melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) decreased the pHRRPUA by 52% and a mixture of these (3:1, ATTP:MAPP) decreased the pHRRPUA by 25% as compared to adding CaCO 3 as a filler. The residual mass loss after the cone test was also improved with up to 3%. The indication of a positive synergistic flame retardant effect of the ATTP-MAPP mixture is supported by thermogravimetric analysis. The addition of this rod-like mineral improved the general fire retardant properties of the base bitumen and increased the viscosity. Therefore, the polymer-modified bitumen with both fire retardant and rheological properties (providing mechanical strength) is a promising novel approach in the design of bitumen roofing membranes. K E Y W O R D S cone calorimetry, fire retardant, intumescent fire retardant, melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate, polymer-modified bitumen, thermogravimetric analysis 1 | INTRODUCTION Bitumen is a crude oil by-product that is dark brown to black, almost non-volatile, highly viscous, adhesive, and waterproof at normal temperature. Chemically, it is composed of thousands of small and large aliphatic to aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. 1 Bitumen can be separated into four generic fractions denoted as SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes). 2 Bitumen is primarily used as a binder in asphalt road construction and as a waterproofing agent in roofing applications. 3 Upon heating beyond approximately 300 C, bitumen will ignite and the ensuing combustion process releases enough heat to sustain itself while releasing a substantial amount of smoke. 4 There are crucial points that must be considered in the manufacturing of bituminous roofing membranes. For example, viscosity measurements are of critical importance for use and performance reasons. 5 Indeed, a too low viscosity could give poor adhesion. The roofing membranes can catch fire during, for example, heat gun applications and, once a fire has started it is difficult to control due to the very high heat release rate of the material. Therefore, it is of interest to reduce both the ignitability and flammability of bitumen roofing membranes with the addition of fire retardants, which preferably should be environmentally friendly. However, only limited scientific research with focus

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Heat Release Rate and Burning Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic fire‐retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod‐like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer‐modified bitumen roofing membranes

et al. 2020

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“…Notorious pollutants that arise from thermal decomposition of the commonly used brominated flame retardants (BFRs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] limit their use in flame-retardant asphalt. Due to their advantages of environmental friendliness and smoke suppression, metal hydroxides, i.e., magnesium hydroxide (MH) [ 11 , 15 , 16 ] and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], have gradually replaced BFRs for asphalt. Metal hydroxides decompose at temperatures close to the ignition point of asphalt and absorb heat from combustion, consequently lowering the temperature of the asphalt binder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Layered Double Hydroxides in Asphalt Binder

et al. 2019

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The flame retardancy of asphalt binders with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter tests. The flame-retardant mechanism of the LDHs was also studied with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cone calorimeter testing results indicated that 2 wt.% of the LDHs can decease the peak heat and smoke release rate of asphalt binders. Because a low dose of LDHs can be well dispersed in asphalt binder and favor the formation of polyaromatic structures during combustion, the thermal oxidation resistance and compactness of the char layer can be improved. The LOI of asphalt binder can be increased and the heat and smoke release during combustion can be decreased with 25 wt.% LDHs. The decomposition of LDHs can absorb the heat release of the initial two stages of asphalt combustion and reduce the burning rate of asphalt. Due to the loss of loosely bound water in the LDHs during the blending process and the decrease of dispersibility at a high LDH dose, the improvement of thermal stability is limited.

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“…e combustion of asphalt is typically accompanied with a quantity of toxic smoke [3,4], seriously endangering any personnel within the affected areas. To solve this problem, applying flame retardant to asphalt has become a common way to reduce the hazards associated with pavement during tunnel fires [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their nontoxic characteristics and their capability for smoke suppression, metal hydroxides are prevalently used to modify the flame resistance of asphalt [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among them, hydrated lime did not initially attract the attention of researchers since it decomposes at a relatively high temperature that exceeds the ignition point of asphalt [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Smoke Suppression Mechanism of Hydrated Lime in Asphalt Combustion

Zhu

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2018

Journal of Chemistry

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In this study, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyses were used to simulate the asphalt combustion process under the conditions of fire radiation and programmed temperature increase. e gaseous compositions and release rules were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to investigate the influence of hydrated lime on the smoke suppression mechanism in the asphalt combustion process. e experimental results show that hydrated lime can promote the asphalt mastic surface to form a barrier layer during the combustion process. is barrier layer can reduce the burning intensity of asphalt. Although the compositions of gaseous products do not change much, the rates of CO production and smoke release are decreased. In addition, hydrated lime is alkaline and can thus neutralize acidic gases such as SO 2 and reduce the toxicity of gaseous products. With the addition of 40 wt.% hydrated lime, the total smoke release and the CO release rate both decrease by more than 20% relative to the addition of the same amount of limestone fillers and decrease by more than 10% relative to the addition of the same amount of magnesium hydroxide flame retardant.

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Investigations of the Montmorillonite and Aluminium Trihydrate Addition Effects on the Ignitability and Thermal Stability of Asphalt

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Synergistic fire‐retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod‐like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer‐modified bitumen roofing membranes

Synergistic fire‐retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod‐like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer‐modified bitumen roofing membranes

Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Layered Double Hydroxides in Asphalt Binder

Investigation on Smoke Suppression Mechanism of Hydrated Lime in Asphalt Combustion

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