Investigations of thermal elimination reactions of polymers by thermal volatilization analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Gardner, David L.; McNeill, I.C.

doi:10.1007/bf01983081

Cited by 48 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The irregular profiles and corresponding T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 peaks for the hydrocarbons may correspond to separate decomposition mechanisms. For example, the profile for EVA is typical of that seen in the literature . Here, the initial behavior (at T 1 ) is attributed to the process of deacetylation, followed by breakdown of the remaining polyolefin chain (at T 2 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Two or three weight loss peaks are evident in the derivative of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) profile for EVA . Even early on, the peaks were identified to be independent and similar to the peaks seen for the degradation of VA and ethylene . The thermal decomposition of EVA is facilitated by O 2 , causing degradation to occur faster or at a lower temperature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The thermal decomposition of EVA is examined in Refs. , whereas its hydrolytic aging is examined in Ref. .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Miller

Muller

Kempe

et al. 2012

Progress in Photovoltaics

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The durability of polymeric encapsulation materials was examined using outdoor exposure at the nominal optical concentration of 500 suns. The results for 12 months' cumulative field deployment are presented for materials including ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomer, polyethylene/polyoctene copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, poly(dimethylsiloxane), and poly(phenyl‐methyl siloxane). Measurements during the experiment included optical transmittance (direct and hemispherical), mass, visual appearance, and fluorescence spectroscopy in addition to the initial thermogravimetry of the materials. Measurements of the field conditions and ultraviolet dose at the test site were facilitated by numerous laboratory instruments; characterization of the specimen temperature was performed using thermography. Discovery experiments identified the importance of a secondary homogenizer optic and the importance of contamination control. To date, the formal experiment verified a thermal‐runaway‐motivated combustion failure mechanism for one of the PVB formulations and identified densification, cracking, and haze‐formation behaviors in some of the silicone specimens. The behaviors observed for the silicone specimens may be facilitated by their greater thickness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Miller

Muller

Kempe

et al. 2012

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…The polymerization is carried out in bulk at 0 °C for (6 h) using various amounts of Mag-Na + (3%, 4%, 6%, 7%, 10% and 12% wt/wt). It can be noted that the yield of PVAc increases with increasing the amount of the catalyst in which the effect of Mag-Na + as a catalyst is clearly shown [52]. However, the maximum yield is obtained at 7% by weight of Mag-Na + and from this rate it remains unchanged [53].…”

Section: Kinetic's Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Green anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na+ (Algerian MMT): synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism

2021

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In this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na+ as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by simple filtration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Maghnite-Na+ is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on raw Maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as container for the reaction mixture and which is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator which maintains the temperature at 0 °C for 6 h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that it is thermally stable and it starts to degrade from 330 °C while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that this polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg = 50 °C). The composition in PVAc/Maghnite-Na+ (7 wt% of catalyst) is the most tensile resistant with a force of 182 N and a maximum stress of 73.16 MPa, the most flexible (E = 955 MPa) and the most ductile (εr = 768%).

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“…The polymerization is carried out in bulk at 0°C for (6h) using various amounts of Mag-Na+ (3%, 4%, 6%, 7%, 10% and 12 % wt/wt). It can be noted that the yield of PVAc increases with increasing the amount of the catalyst in which the effect of Mag-Na + as a catalyst is clearly shown [52]. However, the maximum yield is obtained at 7% by weight of Mag-Na + and from this rate it remains unchanged [53].…”

Section: Kinetic's Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Green Anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na + (Algerian MMT): Synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism

Cherifi¹,

Belbachir²,

Rahmouni³

2021

Preprint

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In this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na + as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by simple filtration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Maghnite-Na + is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on raw Maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as container for the reaction mixture and which is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator which maintains the temperature at 0°C for 6h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that it is thermally stable and it starts to degrade from 330°C while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that this polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg = 50°C). The composition in PVAc/maghnite-Na+ (7wt% of catalyst) is the most tensile resistant with a force of 182 N and a maximum stress of 73.16 MPa, the most flexible (E = 955 MPa) and the most ductile (εr = 768 %)

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Investigations of thermal elimination reactions of polymers by thermal volatilization analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Green anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na+ (Algerian MMT): synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism

Green Anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na + (Algerian MMT): Synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism

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