Investigations of ultrathin polypyrrole films: Formation and effects of doping/dedoping processes on its optical properties by electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR)

Plasmonic Conducting Polymers for Heavy Metal Sensing

“…The electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) technique is good combination of surface plasmon resonance with electrochemical measurements, which can be used for simultaneous optical characterization and electrochemical polymerization of the electrode-electrolyte interface [5]. In this technique, the real (Δ real) and imaginary (Δ imaginary) parts of the dielectric constant are parameter of the average thickness of the adsorbed layer, electrode potential modulation (ΔV), as well as changes in the surface charge density (Δ ) as follows [15][16].…”

“…[2][3][4][5]. Conducting sensors based on PPy film with different dopant were developed for detecting volatile aromatic hydrocarbons [6] and volatile organic solvent sensors have been fabricated using PPy films on conducting glass substrates [7].…”

“…Conducting sensors based on PPy film with different dopant were developed for detecting volatile aromatic hydrocarbons [6] and volatile organic solvent sensors have been fabricated using PPy films on conducting glass substrates [7]. Different techniques including electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance [5], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [8], photoacoustic effect [9], and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) [10][11] have been used to study the optical and electrical properties of conducting polymers. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of these methods that provided considerable information about electropolymerization, doping and dedoping processes [12].…”

Functional Conducting Polymers in the Application of SPR Biosensors

“…Typical examples of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polypyrrole, and their derivatives have been widely studied [12,13]. In particular for biosensor application, conducting polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) have been extensively investigated due to their good electrical conductivity, environmental stability to air and water, and ease of synthesis through electrochemical and chemical routes [4,14]. Several techniques coupled to electrochemistry have been developed to study the properties of polymer films such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [15], Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [16], electron spin resonance (ESR) [17], and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy [18,19].…”

“…Conducting polymers (CPs) are materials discovered over 20 years ago, which have attracted considerable attention for their electronic conducting properties, optical properties, and chemical and biochemical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These unique properties of CPs have been used in wide range of applications including battery technology, photovoltaic devices, light emitting diodes, electrochromic displays, and more recently in biological application [9][10][11].…”