Investigations on the effect of high surface albedo on erythemally effective UV irradiance: Results of a campaign at the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia

Reuder, Joachim; Ghezzi, Flavio; Palenque, Eduardo; Torrez, R; Andrade, Marcos; Zaratti, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.12.002

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another relevant measurement campaign was conducted around the Salar de Uyuni on the Bolivian Altiplano where a reflective dry salt lake creates a high-albedo transition. Two locations inside and outside the lake were compared and the erythemally weighted UV irradiance was enhanced by around 20 % in agreement with 1-D model calculations and spatially averaged albedos (Reuder et al, 2007).…”

Section: A Kreuter Et Al: Solar Irradiance In the Heterogeneous Albsupporting

confidence: 57%

Solar irradiance in the heterogeneous albedo environment of the Arctic coast: measurements and a 3-D model study

Kreuter

Buras²,

Mayer³

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We present a unique case study of the solar global irradiance in a highly heterogeneous albedo environment at the Arctic coast. Diodearray spectroradiometers were deployed at three sites around Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, and spectral irradiances were simultaneously measured under clearsky conditions during a 24 h period. The 3-D radiative transfer model MYSTIC is applied to simulate the measurements in various model scenarios. First, we model the effective albedos of ocean and snow and consequently around each measurement site. The effective albedos at 340 nm increase from 0.57 to 0.75, from the coastal site in the west towards the site 20 km east, away from the coast. The observed ratios of the global irradiance indicate a 15 % higher average irradiance, at 340 nm east relative to west, due to the higher albedo. The comparison of our model scenarios suggest a snow albedo of > 0.9 and confirm the observation that drift ice has moved into the Fjord during the day. The local time shift between the locations causes a hysteresis-like behavior of these east-west ratios with solar zenith angle (SZA). The observed hysteresis, however, is larger and, at 340 nm, can be explained by the drift ice. At 500 nm, a plausible explanation is a detector tilt of about 1 • . The ratios between afternoon and morning irradiances at the same SZA are investigated, which confirm the above conclusions. At the coastal site, the measured irradiance is significantly higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Besides the effect of changing drift ice and detector tilt, the small variations of the aerosol optical depth have to be considered also at the other stations to reduce the discrepancies between model and observations. Remaining discrepancies are possibly due to distant high clouds.

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Section: A Kreuter Et Al: Solar Irradiance In the Heterogeneous Albsupporting

confidence: 57%

Solar irradiance in the heterogeneous albedo environment of the Arctic coast: measurements and a 3-D model study

Kreuter

Buras²,

Mayer³

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…For this reason, it is used for satellite calibration. The physical conditions of this zone are characterized by a high degree of UV irradiance, high albedo (light reflectivity) (Reuder et al, 2007), similar to that of Jupiter's moon Europa, and extreme daily temperature fluctuations (from 2208 to 218C) in the dry season (Blard et al, 2011). The latitudinal alternation of dry and extremely wet phases and the seasonal input of Río Grande, along with the long-term iterative overflow of Titicaca Lake, are reflected in its geology (Baker et al, 2001;Blard et al, 2011;S anchez-Saldías and Fariña, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the Salar de Uyuni, a large scale, chaotropic salt flat

Rubin

Marı́n

Gómez

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Salar de Uyuni (SdU), with a geological history that reflects 50 000 years of climate change, is the largest hypersaline salt flat on Earth and is estimated to be the biggest lithium reservoir in the world. Its salinity reaches saturation levels for NaCl, a kosmotropic salt, and high concentrations of MgCL and LiCl, both salts considered important chaotrophic stressors. In addition, extreme temperatures, anoxic conditions, high UV irradiance, high albedo and extremely low concentrations of phosphorous, make SdU a unique natural extreme environment in which to contrast hypotheses about limiting factors of life diversification. Geophysical studies of brines from different sampling stations show that water activity is rather constant along SdU. Geochemical measurements show significant differences in magnesium concentration, ranging from 0.2 to 2M. This work analyses the prokaryotic diversity and community structure at four SdU sampling stations, selected according to their location and ionic composition. Prokaryotic communities were composed of both Archaea (with members of the classes Halobacteria, Thermoplasmata and Nanohaloarchaea, from the Euryarchaeota and Nanohaloarcheota phyla respectively) and Bacteria (mainly belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla). The important differences in composition of microbial communities inversely correlate with Mg concentration, suggesting that prokaryotic diversity at SdU is chaotropic dependent.

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“…Of this documentation neither includes quantitative information on the influence and effects these UV reflective surfaces have on outdoor workers, however (9) does list some natural surface reflection. UV reflection in the literature has previously been investigated as albedo (9,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) with preliminary measurements provided on man-made surface UV reflection restricted to just a few studies (11)(12)(13)15,16,18,19). Ocular studies show the importance of ground reflectance on ocular exposure (19)(20)(21) but do not pursue exposure measurements due to vertical surface reflection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Reflection Irradiances and Exposures in The Constructed Environment For Horizontal, Vertical and Inclined Surfaces

Turner

Parisi

2013

Photochem & Photobiology

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Ultraviolet (UV) reflection in the urban constructed environment is not well understood for topical issues such as measuring and modeling the received UV exposure due to that UV reflection for outdoor workers. Both predominantly specular and diffuse reflecting surface types have been identified and investigated for the erythemal UV reflection ratio variation due to solar zenith angle and orientation. This paper presents relationships between erythemal UV reflection ratios measured for non-horizontal and horizontal surfaces, with predominantly specular surface types indicating stronger relationships with solar zenith angles than diffuse reflecting surfaces types. Erythemal UV exposures caused by the same reflecting surface types at three inclinations are also investigated. Non-horizontal surfaces can increase erythemal UV exposures compared to erythemal UV exposures received from the same horizontal surface by factors of 1.07-1.46 for specific body sites and by 1.01-1.70 for averages of group body sites for zinc aluminium coated steel sheeting.

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Investigations on the effect of high surface albedo on erythemally effective UV irradiance: Results of a campaign at the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Solar irradiance in the heterogeneous albedo environment of the Arctic coast: measurements and a 3-D model study

Solar irradiance in the heterogeneous albedo environment of the Arctic coast: measurements and a 3-D model study

Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the Salar de Uyuni, a large scale, chaotropic salt flat

Ultraviolet Reflection Irradiances and Exposures in The Constructed Environment For Horizontal, Vertical and Inclined Surfaces

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