In July and August 2003 a field campaign was conducted to explore the diurnal circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Vertical soundings by remote-controlled aircraft yielded profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity at six passes and in a valley. Pilot balloon observations provided wind profiles. Two permanent stations collected additional data. Typically, inflow toward the Altiplano commences a few hours after sunrise at about the time when the stable nocturnal layer near the ground is transformed by the solar heating into an almost neutrally stratified convective boundary layer. The depth of the inflow layer is comparable to but normally less than that of this boundary layer. There are indications of return flow aloft. The inflow continues at least until sunset. Moisture is imported at the passes leading to the Yungas in the east. Strong upvalley flows were found in the valley of the Rio de La Paz, which connects the wide canyon of La Paz with the tropical lowlands to the east. Inflow was absent at one of the passes despite favorable synoptic conditions. Cases of synoptically forced flows are presented as well where the diurnal signal is difficult to separate. A simple flow scheme is presented that fits the observations reasonably well.
Trans-resveratrol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total phenolic compounds were assessed in Bolivian grape cultivars collected at high altitude valleys. The TAC of the grapes ranged from 0.8 to 22 µmol Trolox equivalents/g dry matter determined by 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and from 0.6 to 10 determined by the ferric reduction antioxidant power. In the present study, we observed that under certain conditions trans-resveratrol levels in Bolivian grapes are 10-fold higher than the reported data from the literature. Additionally, the temporal evolution in three different solar ultraviolet-B radiation levels was carried out to understand their effect on the oxidative processes.
Baccharis latifolia es una planta de interés medicinal e industrial con presencia importante de flavonoides en las hojas. El presente estudio se centró en identificar los cambios en flavonoides totales, concentración de clorofilas, crecimiento de la planta y anatomía foliar bajo diferentes longitudes de onda (UVA, UVB y PAR) en condiciones controladas. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos utilizando pruebas no paramétricas Kruskal-Wallis y post hoc Bonferroni. Los resultados sugieren que mejores condiciones para la generación de flavonoides se dan bajo el tratamiento UVB50 (50% de UVB respecto a la radiación solar diaria), además, se observa que bajos niveles de PAR juegan un papel importante en la reducción de los mismos. La concentración de clorofilas se ve favorecida por los tratamientos de PAR y UVA50, sin embargo, es negativamente influenciada por los tratamientos UVB100 y UVB150. El crecimiento vegetativo no muestra fuertes diferencias comparando los tratamientos de PAR, sin embargo, si presenta mejores resultados en relación a tratamientos que adicionen radiación UVA o UVB. La anatomía foliar muestra fuertes diferencias entre los tratamientos y se ve favorecida principalmente por los tratamientos UVA100 y UVA150, en cambio es negativamente afectada por los tratamientos UVB100 y UVB150. En relación a nuestros resultados se observa que Baccharis latifolia es una especie plástica que puede acomodarse a varios niveles de luz y longitud de onda, sin embargo, presenta respuestas diferenciadas a nivel de su crecimiento, fisiología y anatomía foliar que repercuten en la concentración de compuestos fenólicos, clorofilas y crecimiento vegetativo.
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