The cryopreservation of blood cells can be regarded as a
classical field of development and application of low
temperature biology. Cryopreservation methods have
been developed for erythrocytes, which are commonly
frozen with glycerol as the cryoprotective additive although
hydroxyethyl starch (HES) shows considerable
promise. Cryopreserved erythrocytes for transfusion are
of advantage in the case of patients with rare blood
groups, adverse antibody problems, autologous use and
civil as well as military disasters. Additionally they can
be used for blood typing, antibody screening and compatibility
testing. Cryopreservation methods for thrombocytes,
lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells usually
involve dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotective
additive. Low temperature preservation of thrombocytes
offers the possibility of making HPA- and/or
HLA-typed platelet concentrates available in blood banks
at any time. The use of cryopreserved lymphocytes is
well established and a routine procedure for clinical
laboratory testing. Recently there is a growing clinical
interest in cryopreserved lymphocytes in addition to
hematopoietic progenitor cells for the supplemental
treatment of patients after blood stem cell transplantation.
Despite occasional reports, it is our opinion that no
clinically suitable method for the preservation of human
granulocytes has been developed so far.