Investigations on the Role of Wild Rodents as Reservoirs of Human Schistosomiasis in the Taveta Area of Kenya, East Africa

Kawashima, K.; Katamine, Daisuke; Sakamoto, Makoto; Shimada, Muneaki; Nojima, Hisatake; Miyahara, Masaki

doi:10.2149/tmh1973.6.195

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In Brazil, prevalences of about 50% have been recorded in several foci (Rey, 1993) and concerned mainly two rodents of the Sigmodontinae subfamily with aquatic habitats: Nectomys squamipes and Holochilus brasiliensis. In Africa only one study, carried out in Kenya, presented such high prevalences (Kawashima et al, 1978), but only 41 Pelomys sp. were analysed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rodents as reservoir hosts in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal, West Africa

Duplantier

Sène

2000

J. Helminthol.

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More than 2000 animals belonging to six different rodent species and one insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in the region of Richard-Toll, Senegal. Two murid rodents, Arvicanthisniloticus and Mastomyshuberti, were found infected with Schistosomamansoni. Prevalences were about 5% for both rodent species with a mean worm burden of about 20 worms per host. The sex-ratios of S.mansoni worms were always biased towards males. Prevalences and worm burdens, although similar in both male and female rodents, increased significantly with age. The highest prevalences and worm burdens were found near habitations and decreased significantly with the distance from the town of Richard-Toll. Eggs were also observed in the liver and faeces of the two naturally infected rodent species. The results suggest that rodents participate in the transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis in Richard-Toll but the human population is the main source of infection. The genetic resemblance between human and murine isolates of S. mansoni suggests that further epidemiological studies are needed in this region of Senegal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rodents as reservoir hosts in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal, West Africa

Duplantier

Sène

2000

J. Helminthol.

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“…Whereas S. haematobium has only been found in a few non-human primates and in a small number of rodents (Ouma and Fenwick, 1991), S. mansoni has been found in numerous host species, including rodents, in which the parasites mature and produce large numbers of viable eggs (McMahon and Baalawy, 1967; Kawashima et al 1978; Rodrigues-Silva et al 1992). Rodents are capable of sustaining natural populations of S. mansoni with little transmission input by humans (Théron et al 1992), and have been implicated as important reservoir hosts in South America, the Caribbean and West Africa (D'Andrea et al 2000; Duplantier and Sene, 2000; Gentile et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomes of small mammals from the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: new species, familiar species, and implications for schistosomiasis control

et al. 2010

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Recent schistosomiasis control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have focused nearly exclusively on treatment of humans with praziquantel. However, the extent to which wild mammals act as reservoirs for Schistosoma mansoni and therefore as sources of renewed transmission following control efforts is poorly understood. With the objective to study the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts, 480 animals belonging to 9 rodent and 1 insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in Kisumu, in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Animals were collected from 2 sites: near the lakeshore and from Nyabera Marsh draining into the lake. A total of 6.0% of the animals captured, including 5 murid rodent species and 1 species of shrew (Crocidura olivieri) were infected with schistosomes. Four schistosome species were recovered and identified using cox1 DNA barcoding: S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. rodhaini and S. kisumuensis, the latter of which was recently described from Nyabera Marsh. Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini were found infecting the same host individual (Lophuromys flavopunctatus), suggesting that this host species could be responsible for the production of hybrid schistosomes found in the area. Although the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in these reservoir populations was low (1.5%), given their potentially vast population size, their impact on transmission needs further study. Reservoir hosts could perpetuate snail infections and favour renewed transmission to humans once control programmes have ceased.

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“…More recent analyses have shown using molecular tools that there is gene flow between the parasites found in rodents and in man, suggesting that the form observed in rodents subtly changes its morphology in response to different host environments (Steinauer et al, 2008b); this work was done on rodent populations in Western Kenya, where several other reports of S. mansoni in rodents from recent years have originated (Hanelt et al, 2010, Steinauer et al, 2008a. Rodents have also been found infected with S. mansoni throughout the rest of Africa, with more reports from Kenya (Kawashima et al, 1978, Nelson et al, 1962, South Africa (Pitchford and Visser, 1962), Senegal (Duplantier and Sène, 2000), Sudan (Karoum and Amin, 1985) and Egypt (Arafa andMassoud, 1990, Mansour, 1973).…”

Section: Schistosomiasis In African Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Out of Animals and Back Again: Schistosomiasis as a Zoonosis in Africa

Standley¹,

Dobson²,

Stothard³

2012

Schistosomiasis

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Investigations on the Role of Wild Rodents as Reservoirs of Human Schistosomiasis in the Taveta Area of Kenya, East Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Rodents as reservoir hosts in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal, West Africa

Rodents as reservoir hosts in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal, West Africa

Schistosomes of small mammals from the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: new species, familiar species, and implications for schistosomiasis control

Out of Animals and Back Again: Schistosomiasis as a Zoonosis in Africa

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