Investigations with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>and<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in the Dutch ‘Integrated Quality Control for finishing pigs’ research project

Berends, B.R.; Smeets, J. F. M.; Harbers, A.H.M.; Knapen, F. van; Snijders, J. M. A.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1991.9694308

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The present survey evidences that specific antibody levels were usually low and variable from pig to pig within farms as already reported by others authors (Dubey, 2009); this could be related to the time of infection, to different animal reactivity, to the biological infecting stage and to parasitic strain virulence. However, there is little information concerning the variation of antibody levels against T. gondii during infection in experimentally infected pigs using different serological assays (IFAT, ELISA, MAT, LAT, IHA) (Dubey, 2009) and even less information is available in naturally infected animals (Berends et al, 1991; Lind et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection on Finishing Swine Reared in the Umbria Region, Central Italy

Veronesi

Ranucci

Branciari

et al. 2011

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan parasite and pork is considered the major meat source of Toxoplasma infection in humans. To determine the prevalence of infection of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs reared in the Umbria Region (central Italy), blood samples of 960 pigs from 10 different farms (96 for each farm) were randomly collected and tested for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using an IFA assay. Sera were screened at 1/16 titrr and the endpoint titre was determined. Farm management questionnaires were completed and used to develop descriptive statistics on the tested farms as well as to determine measures of association for risk factors for the presence of T. gondii-seropositive pigs. A total of 155 seropositive pigs (16.14%) were identified; within herds prevalence ranged from 8.33 to 25%. The statistical analysis identified all-in-all-out housing and cleaning method as risk factors for Toxoplasma infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection on Finishing Swine Reared in the Umbria Region, Central Italy

Veronesi

Ranucci

Branciari

et al. 2011

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Epidemiological investigations carried out in several world regions to determine Trichinella prevalence by artificial digestion of muscle tissues and/or by serology in domestic and wild swine have revealed a discrepancy between parasitological and serological positivity [ 19 – 30 ]. This inconsistency has created uncertainty as to the specificity and/or sensitivity of the tests and the consequent epidemiological value of the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

et al. 2020

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Background Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections. Methods Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens. Results Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T. spiralis at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by T. britovi-infected pigs was similar to that of T. spiralis-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of T. pseudospiralis was slightly greater than for T. britovi at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in T. britovi-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i. Conclusions The longer survival of T. spiralis in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.

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“…Risks can also be divided into pre and post harvest related (34). The first category consists of risks that are predominantly formed at the farm, so that control efforts should also start at the farm (10,11,25,28,29,31,38), and the second category is predominantly related to processing by the industry, caterers or the consumers themselves (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)30,32,39,43). An approach via the HACCP-concept has the advantage that when a 'classical' quantitative risk assessment fails (i.e., the approach developed by toxicologists) assessing risks, and thus the setting of priorities etcetera, is still possible.…”

Section: The Basic Principles and The Conditions For Functioning Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outline of a risk assessment‐based system of meat safety assurance and its future prospects

Berends

Knapen

1999

Veterinary Quarterly

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Discussed are the outlines of a risk assessment-based system of meat safety assurance to replace the current meat inspection. An example of a system that uses the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP)-principles in the entire production chain from stable to table is also given. Continuous evaluation of risks is the main driving force of the new system. Only then the system has the means to remain flexible and provide for the data necessary to convince trade partners that the products they buy are safe. A monitoring system that keeps track of the important health hazards in the entire chain from stable to table is therefore necessary. This includes monitoring of cases of disease in the human population caused by the hazardous agents of concern. Coordination of the monitoring and control and processing of the information is done by an independent body. Furthermore, the system demands a production from stable to table that is based on the ideas of Integrated Quality Control (IQC), HACCP, and certification of production processes and quality control procedures. Clear legislation provides for criteria about acceptable or unacceptable health risks for the consumer and determines at what moments which risks should be controlled by the producers. Simultaneously, the legislation has to be flexible enough to be able to adapt quickly to any changes in risks, or in the way risks should be controlled. In the new system current meat inspection can easily be carried out by employees of the slaughter houses and is no longer a direct responsibility of the authorities. The authorities only demand certain safety levels and verify whether producers stick to these. Producers remain fully responsible for the safety and quality of their products, and fully liable in case of any damage to the consumers' health. However, it is to be expected that some EU Member-States miss the organizational and agricultural basis for a successful application of the new system. Consequences are that two parallel flows of meat and meat products may come to existence. One flow will exist of meat produced according to the new, and with respect to safety assurance, superior system. The other flow will consist of meat produced and inspected in the traditional way. However, this meat will contain all the flaws that required a revision of the system in the first place. This, and the fact that EU policy ordains that part-taking in an alternative meat inspection system should be voluntary, may very well result in a very slow start-up of the new system. One of the easiest solutions, however, would be to implement a decontamination step in the slaughtering process, provided that this is accompanied by strict codes of hygienic practices and good manufacturing practices. Not only would this lead to safer meat, but also result in the two separate flows of meat becoming one flow again as well as an easier to organize livestock production according to HACCP-principles.

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Investigations with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays forTrichinella spiralisandToxoplasma gondiiin the Dutch ‘Integrated Quality Control for finishing pigs’ research project

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection on Finishing Swine Reared in the Umbria Region, Central Italy

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection on Finishing Swine Reared in the Umbria Region, Central Italy

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

An outline of a risk assessment‐based system of meat safety assurance and its future prospects

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