Investing in flood protection in Asia: An empirical study focusing on the relationship between investment and damage

Ishiwatari, Mikio; Sasaki, Daisuke

doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100197

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Ishiwatari and Sasaki [ 10 ] conceptualized the investment cycle for flood protection by examining investment trends in major flood-prone economies in Asia ( Figure 1 a). Usually, governments start to increase budgets for flood protection following severe flood disasters and these investments are usually for managing flood damage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR) is crucial for mitigating disaster damage, which is increasing in most parts of the world due to socio-economic and climatic changes [ 1 , 2 ]. Since disasters hinder growth and sustainable development, reducing disaster risks could promote the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [ 3 ]. The Japanese government identified DRR as one of the priority areas for the promotion of SDGs, in particular making cities resilient, relating to SDG 11, and adapting to disaster risks increased by climate change, relating to SDG 13 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ishiwatari and Sasaki [ 10 ], were able to define an investment cycle for flood protection by examining investment trends in Asia’s major flood-prone economies. These economies increased government budgets for flood protection following major flood disasters, but were then unable to sustain these budgets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disaster Risk Reduction Funding: Investment Cycle for Flood Protection in Japan

Ishiwatari

Sasaki

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Investment in disaster risk reduction is crucial in order to mitigate disaster damage. However, for many countries, particularly developing ones, financing investment in disaster risk reduction is challenging. This study aims to examine the factors that affect investments in flood protection and the approaches to securing investments by analyzing investment trends in Japan. Methods: This study examines 150 years of flood protection and investment cycles that helped reduce damages in Japan. The dataset of flood protection budgets, flood damage, and national income since 1878 was created from public statistics. Documents and reports concerned with disaster management, river management, and finance were examined. Results: The study found five investment cycles of flood protection from the late 19th century to the present. The country established financing mechanisms, such as legislation and long-term plans, following major flood disasters. However, external shocks such as war, economic recession, disaster, and tightened national finance had a major impact on these investments. The fluctuations in the budget created an investment cycle. The country had increased its budget to 0.9% of its national income in the 1990s. It often experienced flood damage accounting for over 1% of the national income until 1961, but succeeded in decreasing the damage to less than 1%, and currently it is limited to less than 0.4%. Conclusions: The financial mechanisms established from the long-term perspective could support an increase in budgets for flood protection, leading to a decrease in damage. However, established financing mechanisms may weaken the financial flexibility of the country.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disaster Risk Reduction Funding: Investment Cycle for Flood Protection in Japan

Ishiwatari

Sasaki

2022

IJERPH

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“…Flood is a natural disaster. With global warming, which human activity accelerates, the frequency, intensity, and impact of floods are gradually increasing, which have seriously threatened agriculture, industry, transportation, and lifeline projects, causing huge economic losses in countries worldwide, such as China, the United States, France, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka [1][2][3]. Therefore, the assessment of flood changes is becoming more important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using SWAT Model to Assess the Impacts of Land Use and Climate Changes on Flood in the Upper Weihe River, China

Yin-ge

Zhao

et al. 2022

Water

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Flood disasters have occurred frequently in recent years, but there is no consensus on the mechanism and influencing factors. Taking the upper reaches of Weihe River Basin as a case in Western China, a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was established to quantitatively simulate the impact of land use and climate change on runoff changes, while 4 extreme land-use scenarios and 24 temperature and precipitation scenarios assumptions were proposed to simulate the response of runoff to land use and climate changes. The SWAT simulation results showed that the sensitivity parameters affecting the model simulation were the CANMX, CN2, SOL_K, CH_N2, and SOL_AWC. The correlation index R2 and the efficiency coefficient ENS of the upper Weihe River were both in the range of 0.75–0.78, the relative error PS between the simulated results and the measured runoff was below 10%, suggesting the good applicability of the SWAT model in this study area. Using the improved SWAT model to simulate the peak runoff (flood) simulation value is generally smaller than the measured value, and the absolute value of the error is less than 6%. The expansion of wasteland increased the runoff by over 90% on average, the expansion of cultivated land increased the runoff by 8% on average, and the expansion of woodland and grassland increased the surface runoff by 6% on average. When the precipitation decreased by 25% and the temperature increased by 22%, the smallest runoff was obtained in the simulation. Accordingly, when the precipitation increased by 25% and the temperature decreased by 22%, the maximum annual runoff was obtained. By decomposing the contribution rate of human activities and climate change to runoff, it showed that the contribution rate of human activities to the reduction of runoff was greater than that of climate change. This study can provide scientific reference for the simulation and prediction of future floods.

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“…A previous study revealed that mapping urban resilience poses a challenge to reflect the systematic property of resilience [ 12 ]. Several studies showed disaster management approach in the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases using flood hazard map, hospital evacuation transportation model, livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), model suitability matrix, and investments in flood protection [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Different models have been used in the past to examine resilience to different hazards and disasters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Resilience to Floods in Coastal Areas of Thailand

Langkulsen

Rwodzi²,

Cheewinsiriwat

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Krabi and Nakhon Si Thammarat are two coastal provinces in Thailand facing substantial threats from climate change induced hydrometeorological hazards, including enhanced coastal erosion and flooding. Human populations and livelihoods in these coastal provinces are at greater risk than those in inland provinces. However, little is known about the communities’ resilience and coping capacities regarding hydrometeorological hazards of varying magnitudes. The study conducted a quantitative socio-economic assessment of how people in Krabi and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces manage and respond to hydrometeorological hazards, examining their resilience and coping capacities. This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data collection on the social and economic dimensions of resilience, and a review of literature on coping mechanisms to hydrometeorological hazards within the study area. Measuring and mapping socio-economic resilience was based on the available data gathered from the social and economic dimensions, with existing or standard indicators on exposure and vulnerability applied uniformly across subdistricts. A combination of social and economic dimensions produced novel socio-economic resilience index scores by subdistrict, which were mapped accordingly for the two coastal provinces. The study also derived a coping capacity index scores by combining availability of skills or soft capacity and availability of structural resources or hard coping capacity. Socio-economic resilience index scores varied greatly amongst subdistricts. Combining the soft and hard coping capacities, the average score across districts in both provinces was 3 out of a possible 4, meaning that most of the districts were largely resilient. However, variations also existed by subdistrict. Few subdistricts in both Krabi and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces had low coping capacity index scores between 1 and 2 out of 4. District averages of socio-economic resilience scores mask the variations at subdistrict level. More studies with rigorous methodologies at village or neighborhood level is needed to obtain a nuanced understanding of community resilience to hydrometeorological hazards.

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Investing in flood protection in Asia: An empirical study focusing on the relationship between investment and damage

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Disaster Risk Reduction Funding: Investment Cycle for Flood Protection in Japan

Disaster Risk Reduction Funding: Investment Cycle for Flood Protection in Japan

Using SWAT Model to Assess the Impacts of Land Use and Climate Changes on Flood in the Upper Weihe River, China

Socio-Economic Resilience to Floods in Coastal Areas of Thailand

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