Investment and production costs of desalination plants by semi-empirical method

Environmental impacts of desalination on the ecology of Lake Urmia

“…At very large thermal seawater desalination plants, energy costs account for nearly 60% of the typical cost of the water produced (Table 5). There has not been any cost analysis of desalinating hypersaline waters; however, desalination of seawater by methods such as MSF, MED, MVC, TVC, and RO costs about US$ 1.25, 1.40, 1.02, 1.15, and 1.81/m 3 , respectively (Frioui and Oumeddour, 2008). It should be pointed out that restoration of lake's environment is costly.…”

Prediction of capital cost of ro based desalination plants using machine learning approach

“…They are plant capacity, raw water type, year of project award, geographical location of the plant, plant type and project financing type. Plant capacity is established to be an important parameters through a number of studies including (4,23).Raw water quality expressed in terms of salinity level are used by (13) .There are several papers which presented geographical location proves an important role in the capital cost the RO plants, as the prices are found to vary with continents and countries (13,22,25).The year of project is found to be very important as the cost was found to vary with years (8,14,20,21,24). The type of procurement or financing and plant type is chosen to find out the impact of other possible non-technical parameters on the capital cost.…”

“…The indirect capital costs include elements such as insurance, construction, and overhead (7). The operating cost, also called as OPEX, is the cost required to run the desalination plant which includes energy cost and other costs such as labour cost, spare parts, chemicals, membrane replacement, and so on (6,8). There are different methodologies and assumptions adopted by various researchers in order to model the capital and production costs.…”

“…Semi-empirical methods are deployed in determining the investment and production costs of RO plants. Studies conducted by Greig and Wearmouth (15) in 1987, and Frioui and Oumeddour (8) in 2008 are examples that fall in this category. The former estimated the cost of various components of desalination plants using the published data of other existing plants, while the latter focused on estimating the capital and production costs of RO plants by considering the parameters like plant capacity, plant availability, energy price and consumption, membrane service life and various process variables.…”

Marmara Seawater Desalination by Membrane Distillation: Direct Consumption Assessment of Produced Drinking Water

“…Potable water production has also become a worldwide concern, for many communities, increasing of industrial processes, population growth, climate change, over exploitation of ground water and nearby river systems as well as demand exceed of conventional available water resources [2][3][4][5][6][7]. For firmly preservation and sustaining stable development of life on earth at present situation, there needs to use plentiful salty water to produce freshwater supplies capable of meeting the increasing demand [7,8]. Therefore, countries are progressively turning to desalination technologies as a solution to obtain direct potable water from seawater [4,6,9].…”