Marmara Seawater Desalination by Membrane Distillation: Direct Consumption Assessment of Produced Drinking Water

Abstract

Drinking water was produced from Marmara seawater by membrane distillation (MD). The best operating conditions were determined by batch experiments as: 0.45 μm PTFE, 30°C distillate temperature and temperature difference, and 270-360 L/h cross-flow rates in feed-distillate. Seawater desalination was carried out with 99.93% solute rejection and 17.2 L/m 2 h permeate flux in 66% concentration ratio by lab-scale pilot system. Since the desalinated water contained no organic carbon, turbidity, and nitrate, it seemed to be very suitable for immediate service with quality of 7.3 pH, clear, odor-free, 76.0 μS/cm, 47.1 mg TDS/L, <0.001 color, and 0.01 mg boron/L. The product water lacked of vital cations, especially Nathat are essentials for promoting osmotic balanced body liquid and healthy development. A holistic management approach towards satisfying specific water quality requirements in direct service of MD effluents to human consumption was proposed that jointly included in injecting into urban potable water, adding appropriate chemicals into the effluent, and mixing effluents with raw or concentrated seawater (1:250/1:1000 for Marmara seawater) or brackish natural waters under hygienic precautions.

Novel hybrid treatments of textile wastewater by membrane oxidation reactor: Performance investigations, optimizations and efficiency comparisons

“…All lamps were positioned symmetrically to tetragonal and pentagonal hypothetic corners on the reactor's cross-section for the UVC and UVA illuminations, respectively, that allowed to the highest light intensity over its cylindrical geometry of 13.3-cm diameter and 30.0-cm height. In addition to the light layouts, the module was embedded in the reactor so as to maximize intensity of light on the membrane surface by measurements made at various projectional locations over the diameter plane (Aydıner and Imer, 2017). By this means, it was intended to expose organics retained on the surface to further oxidation.…”

“…The air diffuser was placed at the bottom of the reactor in such a way that bubbles were exactly stripping the membrane surface. Thanks to this functionality gained to the reactor, both particles and organics fouling over the membrane could be diminished via effective bubble stripping of the surface by air diffuser of which aeration rate was adjusted by a valve-regulated flow meter (Aydıner and Imer, 2017). The filtrate was withdrawn from the membrane under constant vacuum using peristaltic pump (PLP 380, Behr Labor-Technik, Germany).…”

“…In current work, hybrid treatments of textile wastewater were conducted by the developed two MOR techniques, namely Fenton or photo-Fenton enhanced ultrafiltration (FEUF or pFEUF). Despite the fact that the first introductions of both MORs were documented with our previous work (Aydiner et al, 2016) and patent application (Aydıner and Imer, 2017), this paper is the first study to deeply investigate and exhaustively analyze the performances of the FEUF and pFEUF techniques in the treatment of textile washing wastewater. The main objectives of this study are to: i) reveal the importance and influences of all specific variables in each hybrid treatment; ii) determine the contributions of Fenton or photo-Fenton oxidation and membrane to overall performance; iii) optimize the reactor effectiveness by minimizing the chemical and time demands for obviously exposing industrial favorability of both hybrid applications; and iv) comparatively assess the achievements of bringing AOP and UF together as either hybrid or system processes for fully manifesting performance differences of all explored techniques.…”

Comparative Studies of Membrane Distillation and Reverse Osmosis for Seawater Desalination

“…While the other values as stead byFard et al, (2014) in the different experiments of DCMD for testing pure water quality produced from seawater with salt rejection <99.99%. Also, regarding toAydiner et al, (2017) "the values of TOC and DOC was finding by experiment where the TOC was equal to 0.08 mg/L while the DOC was equal to 0.06 mg/L". So according to the previous experiment, we ratiocinate the values of BOD and COD are close to zero.…”