“…Most of the existing investment portfolio optimization strategies are from the perspective of problem-oriented research, based on the known investment demands and investment capabilities of the enterprise, referring to the previous investment allocation, to allocate the investment scale and investment structure of each unit (Peng and Zhang, 2015;Li et al, 2021). The objective function and constraints are not considered enough comprehensive and systematic, and model boundary conditions and project priority ranking rely mainly on expert experience to make subjective decisions, lacking the recognition and consideration of objective factors (Guelpa et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2020).…”