Invited Article: Real-time sensing of flowing nanoparticles with electro-opto-mechanics

Suh, Jeewon; Han, Kewen; Peterson, Christopher W.; Bahl, Gaurav

doi:10.1063/1.4972299

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is seen that the major effect of the dye results in changing the intensity of the resonant dips, i.e., is related to losses. One of the exciting applications of hollow BMRs for sensing explores their optomechanical properties [80][81][82][83]. As an example, Fig.…”

Section: Bmr Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22(a) shows a hollow electro-opto-mechanical BMR demonstrated in Refs. [80,81] enabling real-time detection of mechanical properties of microparticles flowing in liquid inside the BMR. The outer and inner diameters of BMR used in Ref.…”

Section: Bmr Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer and inner diameters of BMR used in Ref. [81] were 70 µm and 50 µm. The microfluidic solution was composed of silica microparticles with approximately 3.62 µm diameter mixed in water.…”

Section: Bmr Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical bottle microresonators

Sumetsky

2019

Progress in Quantum Electronics

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The optical microresonators reviewed in this paper are called bottle microresonators because their profile often resembles an elongated spheroid or a microscopic bottle. These resonators are commonly fabricated from an optical fiber by variation of its radius. Generally, variation of the bottle microresonator (BMR) radius along the fiber axis can be quite complex presenting, e.g., a series of coupled BMRs positioned along the fiber. Similar to optical spherical and toroidal microresonators, BMRs support whispering gallery modes (WGMs) which are localized inside the resonator due to the effect of total internal reflection. The elongation of BMRs along the fiber axis enables their several important properties and applications not possible to realize with other optical microresonators. The paper starts with the review of the BMR theory, which includes their spectral properties, slow WGM propagation along BMRs, theory of Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) BMRs, theory of resonant transmission of light through BMR microresonators coupled to transverse waveguides (microfibers), theory of nonstationary WGMs in BMRs, and theory of nonlinear BMRs. Next, the fabrication methods of BMRs including melting of optical fibers, fiber annealing in SNAP technology, rolling of semiconductor bilayers, solidifying of a UV-curable adhesive, and others are reviewed. Finally, the applications of BMRs which either have been demonstrated or feasible in the nearest future are considered. These applications include miniature BMR delay lines, BMR lasers, nonlinear BMRs, optomechanical BMRs, BMR for quantum processing, and BMR sensors. z mp r mp mp w z n z dz q z z

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Section: Bmr Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bmr Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical bottle microresonators

Sumetsky

2019

Progress in Quantum Electronics

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“…Previously, we have demonstrated opto-mechanofluidic resonators (OMFRs) as a microfluidic sensor for measurements on bulk fluids 5,20,22 and for determining the properties of individual microparticles 21 at extremely high speeds 23 . An example OMFR vibrational mode is illustrated in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of acoustic pressure modes in opto-mechano-fluidic resonators with a single particle probe

Suh

Han

Bahl

2018

Applied Physics Letters

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Opto-mechano-fluidic resonators (OMFRs) are a new platform for high-throughput sensing of the mechanical properties of freely flowing microparticles in arbitrary media. Experimental extraction of OMFR mode shapes, especially the acoustic pressure field within the fluidic core, is essential for determining sensitivity and for extracting the particle parameters. Here we demonstrate a new imaging technique for simultaneously capturing the spatially distributed acoustic pressure fields of multiple vibrational modes in the OMFR system. The mechanism operates using microparticles as perturbative imaging probes, and potentially reveals the inverse path towards multimode inertial detection of the particles themselves.Optical and mechanical resonant modes are the basis for the design and implementation of nearly all sensor technologies. Micro-mechanical resonators are routinely employed for measuring forces 1,2 and inertial motion 3,4 , and for quantifying the properties of fluids 5,6 and particles 7,8 . The typical operating principle for such sensors is to measure the perturbation of resonant modes due to an analyte. For instance, the frequency shift of a mechanical resonator can be used to infer mass of a single microparticle bound to it 8,9 . The sensitivity of such devices depends on the location where the interaction between the analyte and the resonator takes place. For example, mass sensors are insensitive at displacement nodes and most sensitive at anti-nodes 10,11 . It is thus essential to map the resonant mode spatially, in addition to their spectral characteristics, in order to produce calibrated and well-optimized sensor devices. While several methods are available for imaging mode shapes of solid-state microdevices, including laser Doppler vibrometry 12,13 and atomic-force microscopy 14-16 , there are relatively few techniques for mapping modes within fluids. Doppler imaging does permit visualization of acoustic pressure distributions in fluids 17,18 but is limited to resolutions no better than 10's of μm 19 . Characterization of acoustic pressure distributions is thus necessary in resonant sensors in which fluids play a major role, especially for applications in biology and chemistry where fluid-based media are commonly encountered 5,7,20,21 .Previously, we have demonstrated opto-mechanofluidic resonators (OMFRs) as a microfluidic sensor for measurements on bulk fluids 5,20,22 and for determining the properties of individual microparticles 21 at extremely high speeds 23 . An example OMFR vibrational mode is illustrated in Fig. 1(b), showing its hybrid nature in which both the mechanical strain of the shell and the acoustic pressure distribution within the internal fluid are coupled. Specifically, the pressure field in the fluid forms a bridge between the optically measurable mechanical resonance on the shell and the properties of any analytes suspended in the fluid 21 . Thus, knowledge of the acoustic pressure field in the fluid can enable analysis of unknown particle properties such as compressibility, den...

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“…1(c)) [15]. Previously, sensing of fluid density and speed of sound [16,17], fluid viscosity [23], and flowing particles [15,24] have been demonstrated using this platform. A recent report [24] showed particle detection rate of exceeding 50,000 particles-per-second, without any binding, labeling, or reliance on random diffusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical non-contact measurement of microparticle compressibility in liquids

Han¹,

Suh²,

Bahl³

2018

Opt. Express

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High-throughput label-free measurements of the optical and mechanical properties of single microparticles play an important role in biological research, drug development, and related large population assays. Mechanical detection techniques that rely on the density contrast of a particle with respect to its environment are blind to neutrally bouyant particles. However, neutrally buoyant particles may still have a high compressibility contrast with respect to their environment, opening a window to detection. Here we present a label-free high-throughput approach for measuring the compressibility (bulk modulus) of freely flowing microparticles by means of resonant measurements in an opto-mechano-fluidic resonator.

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Invited Article: Real-time sensing of flowing nanoparticles with electro-opto-mechanics

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Optical bottle microresonators

Optical bottle microresonators

Imaging of acoustic pressure modes in opto-mechano-fluidic resonators with a single particle probe

Optomechanical non-contact measurement of microparticle compressibility in liquids

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