INVITED ESSAY: Religion and Mental Health in Cultural Perspective: Observations and Reflections After The First International Congress on Religion and Mental Health, Tehran, 16-19 April 2001

Clinical Judgment Faith Bias: The Impact of Faith and Multicultural Competence on Clinical Judgment

“…First, the relationship between psychology and religion has long been tenuous, characterized by conflict and mutual rejection (Blass, 2001;Frame, 2003;Richards & Bergin, 2000). Religious leaders have often opposed scientific thinking, viewing it as conflicting with religious teachings, and many psychologists have held equally oppositional views of religion, viewing it as irrelevant, irrational, or even a symptom of neurosis or psychosis (Boadella, 1998;Cornett, 1998;Khalili, Murken, Reich, Ali Shah, & Vahabzadeh, 2002). Second, the epistemological assumptions of psychology conflict with those of religion.…”

“…Historically, psychology as a profession has exhibited bias against religion (Houts & Graham, 1986). Many psychologists view religion as a competing worldview or as being irrelevant, irrational, or pathological (Boadella, 1998;Cornett, 1998;Khalili, Murken, Reich, Ali Shah, & Vahabzadeh, 2002). Likewise, religious leaders have often viewed scientific, psychological thinking as conflicting with religious teachings (Cornett, 1998).…”

Psychiatry, a Secular Discipline in a Postsecular World? A Review

“…The second article was also retrieved and they are considered here as one article. The article by Murken is part of an invited essay (Khalili et al 2002) and, here, is referred to as Murken 2002. Pattison (1978aPattison ( , 1978b, Carr (2000), and Murken (2002) also represent a diversion in the year of publication.…”

Demographic Influence on Muslim Flood Victim Wellbeing in Flood Prone Districts in Malaysia

“…Person afflicted with anxiety and other related mental health problem may exhibit decreased perception of their own self-worth [16]. This can lead to another serious psychological disturbance which is depression [17]. Depression is serious psychological disturbances that have caused millions of suicides cases every year [18].…”