“…None of the other neuron types in the accumbens corridor, i.e., cholinergic interneurons or the various GABAergic interneurons, were involved in the differential activation. In the case of the cholinergic interneurons, this was especially surprising to us, as we (Crespo et al, 2006, 2008, 2012), like many other groups (Wilson and Schuster, 1973; Acquas et al, 1996; Mark et al, 1999; Pratt and Kelley, 2004; Smith et al, 2004; Grasing et al, 2009; Witten et al, 2010; English et al, 2011; Cachope et al, 2012; De La Garza et al, 2012; Hikida et al, 2012; Threlfell et al, 2012) had provided evidence for the involvement of the accumbal cholinergic system in drug- and food reward and as cholinergic interneurons (Berlanga et al, 2003) were shown to be instrumental for the acquisition of cocaine CPP (Witten et al, 2010). Accordingly, we had demonstrated in a rat runway procedure that acetylcholine (ACh) release and activation of muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors were necessary for the acquisition of the rewarding properties of cocaine, of two pharmacokinetically very different μ opioid receptor agonists, i.e., remifentanil and morphine, and of highly palatable food (Crespo et al, 2006, 2008).…”