Involvement of cholinergic neurons in the regulation of the ghrelin secretory response to feeding in sheep

Sugino, Toshihisa; Yamaura, Junji; Yamagishi, Masako; Kurose, Yohei; Kojima, Masayasu; Kangawa, Kenji; Hasegawa, Yoshihisa; Terashima, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00593-x

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Circulating ghrelin levels in humans were increased and reduced by cholinergic agonists and antagonists, respectively [34]. A postprandial decrease in the ghrelin level was not found in sheep treated with cholinergic blockers [35]. While there was no significant difference in the postprandial suppression rates of ghrelin between the patients with normal CV R-R values and those with low CV R-R values, a significant postprandial decrease in ghrelin levels was detected only in patients with normal CV R-R values at 30 and 60 min after a test meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations in Different Clinical Stages of Diabetic Complications and Glycemic Control in Japanese Diabetics

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Ghrelin is an acylated 28-amino-acid peptide that stimulates food intake, GH secretion, and gastric motility. Experimental studies have suggested that ghrelin plays roles in glucose homeostasis, atherosclerosis, and microangiopathy. We investigated possible involvement of ghrelin in micro-and macro-vascular diabetic complications and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin concentrations after a test meal were measured in 108 and 61 Japanese diabetic patients, respectively. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.309, P = 0.002) or HbA 1c (r = -0.264, P = 0.0065). Plasma ghrelin levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy who showed high serum creatinine levels (s-Cre) were significantly higher than those in patients who showed normal s-Cre (P<0.02). In patients with diabetic triopathy, plasma ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower than those in patients without diabetic complications (P<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that s-Cre, BMI, and HbA 1c were independently associated with plasma ghrelin levels. A postprandial decrease of ghrelin was observed in patients with normal CV R-R values or those with normal body weight, whereas it was not seen in obese patients or in patients with low CV R-R values. Suppression rates of ghrelin 30-60 min after a test meal in obese patients were significantly lower than those in normal-weight patients. These findings suggest that ghrelin secretion is suppressed by long-term hyperglycemia and that obesity influences the regulation of ghrelin secretion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations in Different Clinical Stages of Diabetic Complications and Glycemic Control in Japanese Diabetics

et al. 2007

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“…A main factor influencing ghrelin plasma levels is food intake: shortly after oral glucose load, ghrelin levels fall significantly (21), whereas neither gastric distension (6) nor rises in plasma glucose or insulin levels alone (22) can suppress ghrelin release. Ghrelin levels also rise anticipatory to meal initiation in both humans (23) and sheep (24), and it has been suggested that this rise is elicited centrally and mediated via the vagal nerve to the stomach mucosa (24). In vagotomized rats, baseline ghrelin levels and suppression of ghrelin levels by nutrient load were unaltered, but an increase of ghrelin levels induced by 48-h food deprivation was abolished completely, and this result was mimicked by treatment with the unspecific cholinergic antagonist atropine (25).…”

Section: Conclusion-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Regulation of Ghrelin and Peptide YY Release May Be Impaired in Obesity

Maier

Riedl²,

Vila³

et al. 2008

Diabetes

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1OBJECTIVE-Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are both hormones derived from the gastrointestinal tract involved in appetite regulation. The cholinergic part of the vagal nerve is involved in the regulation of glucose and insulin. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the cholinergic antagonist atropine on ghrelin, PYY, glucose, and insulin under basal conditions and after meal ingestion in lean and obese subjects.REASEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Eight lean and eight obese subjects were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 4 study days in randomized order (atropine/placebo Ϯ breakfast). Plasma ghrelin, PYY, insulin, and glucose were measured. Hunger and satiety feelings were rated on a 10-cm visual analog scale. RESULTS-In lean individuals, atropine led to a decrease in ghrelin concentrations comparable and nonadditive with breakfast ingestion and a significant decrease in both basal and meal-induced PYY concentrations. In obese subjects, atropine did not significantly change ghrelin or PYY concentrations, whereas it induced a comparable increase in heart rate and meal-induced glucose concentrations in the two study groups. Only lean, not obese, subjects experienced sustained feelings of satiety after breakfast. CONCLUSIONS-The impaired cholinergic regulation of the postprandial drop in ghrelin concentrations and rise in PYY concentrations might be part of the deregulated food intake in obese subjects.

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“…Its secretion is regulated by cholinergic neurons (Sugino et al ., 2003). Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion (Kojima et al , 1999;Date et al, 2000b), reduces fat utilization and increases food intake and BM gain (Tschöp et al , 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Melatonin Treatment and Fasting in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) – Vernal Body Weight Regulation and Reproduction

et al. 2004

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Involvement of cholinergic neurons in the regulation of the ghrelin secretory response to feeding in sheep

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations in Different Clinical Stages of Diabetic Complications and Glycemic Control in Japanese Diabetics

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations in Different Clinical Stages of Diabetic Complications and Glycemic Control in Japanese Diabetics

Cholinergic Regulation of Ghrelin and Peptide YY Release May Be Impaired in Obesity

Continuous Melatonin Treatment and Fasting in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) – Vernal Body Weight Regulation and Reproduction

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