Involvement of neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii in cardiovascular regulation

Giersbergen, P. L. van; Palkóvits, M.; Jong, W. De

doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.3.789

Cited by 248 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…1E, F; see also Van Giersbergen et al, 1992;Dampney, 1994). The characteristic somatodendritic and axonal morphologies as well as distributions of THϩ neurons in the NTS have been reported in detail elsewhere (Halliday and McLachlan, 1991;Jia et al, 1997).…”

Section: Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunopositive (Th؉) Neurons In Nts Andmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…1D). Labeled varicose fibers were particularly concentrated in caudal NTS where they ramified extensively throughout the commissural, mediolateral, intermediate, ventral, interstitial, dorsolateral, and lateral subdivisions, but were most dense in the ventrolateral aspects (Van Giersbergen et al, 1992). Injections into more posterior regions of IL cortex (c. B ϩ2.5 mm) produced a comparatively greater number of anterogradely labeled IL fibers in middle and caudal NTS, as well as rVLM, compared with injections located more rostrally.…”

Section: Labeled Il Fibers In Nts and Vlmmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The caudal part of the NTS, the main termination territory of afferents from IL cortex, contains catecholaminergic neurones of the A2 noradrenergic (NA) cell group (Van Giersbergen et al, 1992). Of functional significance is that a large proportion of these THϩ cells receives direct input from arterial and carotid baroreceptors, as well as arterial chemoreceptors (Owens et al, 1999;Owens and Verberne, 2000).…”

Section: Functions and Projections Of Th؉ Neurons In Nts And Vlmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Descending efferent projections from vmPFC, in particular IL cortex, innervate a wide range of subcortical autonomic centers, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM), brain stem nuclei strategically involved in cardiopulmonary activities (Agarwal and Calarescu, 1992;Van Giersbergen et al, 1992;Dampney, 1994;Owens and Verberne, 1996, 2000Owens et al, 1999). Indeed, stimulation of the vPL and IL cortices is known to influence arterial blood pressure and blood flow through specific vascular beds (Owens and Verberne, 2001).…”

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Medial Prefrontal Cortex

2015

Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

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Abstract-The infralimbic (IL) 'visceromotor' area of the rat medial prefrontal cortex projects to strategic subcortical nuclei involved in autonomic functions. Central among these targets are the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). By combining tract-tracing using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) with immunolabeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; an enzyme marker of catecholaminergic neurons), a limited proportion of BDA-labeled IL axonal boutons in the NTS and rVLM was found to be closely associated with TH immunopositive (؉) target structures. Such structural appositions were mainly located proximally over the labeled dendritic arbors of identified TH؉ neurons.Quantitative ultrastructural examination revealed that in NTS, TH؉ dendritic shafts comprised 7.0% of the overall post-synaptic target population innervated by BDA-labeled IL boutons, whereas TH؉ dendritic spines represented 1.25% of targets. In rVLM, TH؉ shafts represented 9.0% and TH؉ spines 2.5% of IL targets. Labeled IL boutons established exclusively asymmetric Gray Type 1 (presumed excitatory) synaptic junctions.The results indicate that subpopulations of catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS and rVLM are among the spectrum of post-synaptic neurons monosynaptically innervated by descending 'excitatory' input from IL cortex. Such connectivity, albeit restricted, identifies the potential direct influence of IL cortex on the processing and distribution of cardiovascular, respiratory and related autonomic information by catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS and VLM of the rat. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is directly involved in the integration of cognitive and autonomic functions underlying flexible goal-directed behavior (Cechetto and Saper, 1990;Neafsey et al., 1993;Loewy, 1991;Owens et al., 1999;Van Eden and Buijs, 2000;Drevets, 2000;Heidbreder and Groenewegen, 2003). In the rat, the mPFC is composed of the anterior cingulate (ACd, Brodmann area 24b), prelimbic (PL, area 32), infralimbic (IL, area 25), and peduncular (P) cortices (Neafsey et al., 1993;Gabbott et al., 2005;Resstel and Corrêa, 2006b).Anatomical and physiological evidence indicates that areas of dorsal (d) mPFC (ACd and dPL cortices) process cognitive information, whereas regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (vPL, IL and P cortices) are also involved in autonomic and visceral functions, especially, cardiovascular and respiratory activities (Hardy and Mack, 1990;Neafsey, 1990;Loewy, 1991;Neafsey et al., 1993;Spyer, 1994;Fisk and Wyss, 2000;Uylings et al., 2003;Heidbreder and Groenewegen, 2003). Descending efferent projections from vmPFC, in particular IL cortex, innervate a wide range of subcortical autonomic centers, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM), brain stem nuclei strategically involved in cardiopulmonary activities (Agarwal and Calarescu, 1992;Van Giersbergen et al., 1992;Dampney, 1994;Owens and Verberne, 1996, 2000Owens et al., 1999). Indeed, stimulati...

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Section: Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunopositive (Th؉) Neurons In Nts Andmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Labeled Il Fibers In Nts and Vlmmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Functions and Projections Of Th؉ Neurons In Nts And Vlmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medial Prefrontal Cortex

2015

Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

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“…The PVN is a complex nucleus with two distinct regions (14,15): the magnocellular region synthesizes vasopressin and oxytocin which are released into the blood via the neurohypophysis (16), while the neurons of the parvocellular region project to the brainstem areas (NTS, DMV, RVLM, IML) involved in the autonomic control of heart and vessels (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Is Reflex Bradycardia Always Observed During a Pressure Incrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous vasopressin and the central control of heart rate during dynamic exercise

Michelini

1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The present article contains a brief review on the role of vasopressinergic projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii in the genesis of reflex bradycardia and in the modulation of heart rate control during exercise. The effects of vasopressin on exercise tachycardia are discussed on the basis of both the endogenous peptide content changes and the heart rate response changes observed during running in sedentary and trained rats. Dynamic exercise caused a specific vasopressin content increase in dorsal and ventral brainstem areas. In accordance, rats pretreated with the peptide or the V 1 blocker into the nucleus tractus solitarii showed a significant potentiation or a marked blunting of the exercise tachycardia, respectively, without any change in the pressure response to exercise. It is proposed that the long-descending vasopressinergic pathway to the nucleus tractus solitarii serves as one link between the two main neural controllers of circulation, i.e., the central command and feedback control mechanisms driven by the peripheral receptors. Therefore, vasopressinergic input could contribute to the adjustment of heart rate response (and cardiac output) to the circulatory demand during exercise.

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Distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the rat and human: Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase

Lynn

Hyde²,

Cooperman

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Bombesin is a peptide neurotransmitter/neuromodulator with important autonomic and behavioral effects that are mediated, at least in part, by bombesin-containing neurons and nerve terminals in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). The distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactive nerve terminals/fibers and cell bodies in relation to a viscerotopically relevant subnuclear map of this region was studied by using an immunoperoxidase technique. In the rat, bombesin fiber/terminal staining was heavy in an area that included the medial subnucleus of the NTS and the DMV over their full rostral-caudal extent. Distinctly void of staining were the gelatinous, central, and rostral commissural subnuclei and the periventricular area of the NTS, regions to which gastric, esophageal, cecal, and colonic primary afferents preferentially project. The caudal commissural and dorsal subnuclei had light bombesin fiber/terminal staining, as did the intermediate, interstitial, ventral, and ventrolateral subnuclei. With colchicine pretreatment, numerous cell bodies were stained in the medial and dorsal subnuclei, with fewer neurons in the caudal commissural, intermediate, interstitial, ventral, and ventrolateral subnuclei. Bombesin-like immunoreactive neurons were found in numerous other areas of the brain, including the ventrolateral medulla, the parabrachial nucleus, and the medial geniculate body. In the human NTS/DMV complex, the distribution of bombesin fiber/terminal staining was very similar to the rat. In addition, occasional bombesin-like immunoreactive neurons were labeled in a number of subnuclei, with clusters of neurons labeled in the dorsal and ventrolateral subnuclei. Double immunofluorescence studies in rat demonstrated that bombesin colocalizes with tyrosine hydroxylase in neurons in the dorsal subnucleus of the NTS. Bombesin does not colocalize with tyrosine hydroxylase in any other location in the brain. In conclusion, the distribution of bombesin in the NTS adheres to a viscerotopically relevant map. This is the anatomical substrate for the effects of bombesin on gastrointestinal function and satiety and its likely role in concluding a meal. The anatomic similarities between human and rat suggest that bombesin has similar functions in the visceral neuraxis of these two species. Bombesin coexists with catecholamines in neurons in the dorsal subnucleus, which likely mediate, in part, the cardiovascular effects of bombesin.

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Involvement of neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii in cardiovascular regulation

Cited by 248 publications

References 0 publications

Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Endogenous vasopressin and the central control of heart rate during dynamic exercise

Distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the rat and human: Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase

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