Iodine-129 and iodine-127 in European seawaters and in precipitation from Northern Germany

Michel, R.; Daraoui, A.; Górny, M.; Jakob, D.; Sachse, René; Tosch, L.; Nies, H.; Goroncy, I.; Herrmann, J.; Synal, Hans-Arno; Stocker, Martin; Alfimov, Vasily

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.009

Cited by 86 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Iodine was extracted from seawater in a dedicated low-level 129 I preparation laboratory, using an adapted version (Tumey et al, 2013) of a commonly used solvent extraction procedure (Fehn et al, 1992;Michel et al, 2012;Moran et al, 1998;Schnabel et al, 2007;Sukuki et al, 2008). Briefly, 0.5 mg of a very low 129 I iodine carrier (Woodward Iodine Corporation; ∼2 × 10 −14 129 I / 127 I) was added to a 250 mL aliquot of each seawater sample, a carrier to sample ratio of ∼ 40 : 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 129-iodine content of subtropical Pacific waters: impact of Fukushima and other anthropogenic 129-iodine sources

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Results obtained from a dedicated radiochemistry cruise approximately 100 days after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake and subsequent disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant show that Fukushima derived radionuclides in the nearby ocean environment had penetrated, on average, to ≤ 250 m depth (1026.5 kg m 3 potential density surface). The excess inventory of Fukushima-derived 129 I in the region (∼150 000 km 2 ) sampled during the cruise is estimated to have been between 0.89 and 1.173 billion Bq (∼136 to ∼179 grams) of 129 I. Based on a tight tracer-tracer relation with 134 Cs (or 137 Cs) and estimates that most of the excess cesium is due to direct discharge, we infer that much of the excess 129 I is from direct (non-atmospheric deposition) discharge. After taking into account oceanic transport, we estimate the direct discharge, i.e., that directly released into the ocean, off Fukushima to have been ∼1 kg 129 I. Although this small pulse is dwarfed by the ∼90 kg of weaponstesting-derived 129 I that was released into the environment in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it should be possible to use Fukushima-derived 129 I and other radionuclides (e.g., 134,137 Cs) to study transport and entrainment processes along and across the Kuroshio Current.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 129-iodine content of subtropical Pacific waters: impact of Fukushima and other anthropogenic 129-iodine sources

et al. 2014

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“…Many studies about 129 I in seawater have been conducted around nuclear fuel reprocessing plants (Keogh et al, 2007;Raisbeck and Yiou, 1999;Alfimov et al, 2004;Michel et al, 2012;Hou et al, 2001), but only a few studies have been undertaken in the Pacific Ocean (Suzuki et al, 2010;Povinec et al, 2010). Therefore, the background level of 129 I in the western North Pacific Ocean had not previously been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine-129 concentration in seawater near Fukushima before and after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

et al. 2013

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Anthropogenic radionuclides were released into the environment in large quantities by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1FNPP) accident. To evaluate accident-derived ¹²⁹I, the ¹²⁹I concentrations in seawater before and after the accident were compared.

Before the accident (2008–2009), the ¹²⁹I concentrations in the western margin of the North Pacific between 32° N and 44° N showed a latitudinal gradient that was expressed as a linear function of latitude. The highest and average ¹²⁹I concentrations after the accident were 73 times and approximately 8 times, respectively, higher than those before the accident in this study area. Considering the distribution of ¹²⁹I in surface seawater, the accident-derived ¹²⁹I in the southern and northern stations of the 1FNPP was predominantly supplied by seawater advection and atmospheric deposition (including microbial volatilization), respectively.

As of October 2011, depth profiles of ¹²⁹I revealed that ¹²⁹I originating from the 1FNPP existed mainly in the upper 100 m depth. From the depth profiles, the cumulative inventories of accident-derived ¹²⁹I were estimated to be (1.6–9.6) × 10¹² atoms m⁻² in this study area.

On the basis of the ¹²⁹I data in the seawater near Fukushima, the effective dose of ¹²⁹I from seafood ingestion was much smaller than the annual dose limit

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“…Since 1945, large amount of 129 I was released to the environment through human nuclear activities, such as nuclear weapons testing, nuclear fuel reprocessing and nuclear accident, the 129 I/ 127 I atomic ratio can be therefore used for identifying the origin of iodine from the pre-nuclear period to the period of human activities. Atmospheric 129 I/ 127 I ratio exceeded 10 -9 in the Northern Hemisphere and due to the releases of nuclear weapons testing, while this value achieved to 10 -6 in European seawater and the North Atlantic seawater due to the discharges of two European reprocessing plants in Sellafield (UK) and La Hague (France) [29]- [31]. Fan et al (2013) [32] reported that the major sources of 129 I, contributing more than 90% to the total inventory of 129 I in the current environment, were European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.…”

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Distribution and source of 129 I, 239 ,240 Pu, 137 Cs in the environment of Lithuania

Ežerinskis

Hou

Druteikienė

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Iodine-129 and iodine-127 in European seawaters and in precipitation from Northern Germany

Cited by 86 publications

References 57 publications

The 129-iodine content of subtropical Pacific waters: impact of Fukushima and other anthropogenic 129-iodine sources

The 129-iodine content of subtropical Pacific waters: impact of Fukushima and other anthropogenic 129-iodine sources

Iodine-129 concentration in seawater near Fukushima before and after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Distribution and source of 129 I, 239 ,240 Pu, 137 Cs in the environment of Lithuania

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