Iodine as catalyst for the direct oxidation of methane to methyl sulfates in oleum

Gang, Xiao; Zhu, Yimin; Birch, Henning; Hjuler, Hans Aage; Bjerrum, Niels

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2003.10.039

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…17 mmol/dm 3 . The other authors notice the same [8]. A similar phenomenon was observed in our earlier work [14].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This indicated that the amount of I 2 in the vapor phase probably was small enough to be neglected. This phenomena was observed also by Gang et al [8]. Figure 1 shows the 13 C NMR spectra of liquid mixture after 20 h of methane and oleum reaction at 160°C.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…It is worth to say that Gang et al [8] obtained the same values for B. Although they used more concentrated oleum (e.g., 65% SO 3 ) the reaction order of iodine concentration dependence of initial reaction rate was reported as 0.5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Afterwards platinum [7] and iodine [8,9] catalysts have been reported for the direct, low-temperature, oxidative conversion of methane to a methanol derivative using the same reaction concept as with HgSO 4 . These processes have the potential of being more energy-efficient because they bypass the energy-intensive step of synthesis gas formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periana et al [9] and Gang et al [8] have used iodine and other halogens in oleum. The former used weak oleum (B2.5 wt% SO 3 ) but high temperature (195°C) and they made only preliminary investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Halogens as Catalysts of CH4 Esterification

et al. 2008

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The aim of our work was to examine halogens as the catalysts of methane esterification in oleum. The experiments were performed at 160°C in oleum containing 25 wt% SO 3 , at methane pressure of 4.27 MPa. A mathematical model including the impact of the catalyst concentration on the initial reaction rate was proposed. The solubility of elemental iodine in 25 wt% oleum at 160°C was found to be ca. 17 mmol/dm 3 .

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“…17 mmol/dm 3 . The other authors notice the same [8]. A similar phenomenon was observed in our earlier work [14].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Halogens as Catalysts of CH4 Esterification

et al. 2008

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Iodine

Smith¹,

Nikonov²

2013

Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis

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Methane–to–Methanol Conversion

Hashiguchi

Hövelmann

Bischof

et al. 2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Natural gas (NG) is an abundant, clean, underutilized fossil fuel that can augment or replace petroleum as the feedstock to fuels and chemicals. However, given the relatively high transportation costs for this highly volatile gas, utilization of NG will only be possible if inexpensive, efficient, large‐scale technologies can be developed to chemically convert NG to liquids feedstocks (e.g., long chain alkanes or methanol). Current syngas‐based technologies can carry out this chemical conversion with very high carbon yield (∼70%) while utilizing the only economically viable co‐reactant on this enormous scale: dioxygen or ideally air. However, despite these attractive characteristics, these processes are too expensive to displace petroleum primarily due to the high capital costs associated with the high temperatures required to generate syngas. Substantial effort toward the development of less expensive, lower temperature (<250 °C) processes for the selective, high‐yield oxidative conversion of methane, the major component of NG, to functionalized products has yielded a number of potential systems. This article is focused on one very promising approach: the use of homogenous organometallic and/or inorganic complexes in liquid solutions to mediate the oxidative conversion of methane. Heterogeneous (gas/solid) systems are not covered. Considering the ultimate goal of replacing petroleum with NG, we have organized this article with respect to both fundamental chemistry as well as the important practical considerations of whether or not systems can utilize dixoygen as the ultimate co‐reactant. Two fundamentally different mechanistic strategies have emerged: (i) the use of coordination catalysts that coordinate and cleave the CH bond of methane (defined as CH activation) or that coordinate and activate the co‐reactant (defined as oxidant activation), and (ii) the use of chain reactions based on reactive species such as free radicals or other chain carrying species. Systems that fall into these two categories are further categorized with respect to whether or not oxygen is or can be utilized as the ultimate co‐reactant. The goal is to provide the reader with an efficient way of quickly finding or classifying the rapidly growing body of literature by reaction mechanism and co‐reactant utilized.

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Iodine as catalyst for the direct oxidation of methane to methyl sulfates in oleum

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Application of Halogens as Catalysts of CH4 Esterification

Application of Halogens as Catalysts of CH4 Esterification

Iodine

Methane–to–Methanol Conversion

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