Iodine status of adolescent girls in a population changing from high to lower fish consumption

Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Gunnarsdottir, Bryndis; Steingrímsdóttir, Laufey; Maage, Amund; Jóhannesson, Ari; Þórsdóttir, Inga

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.100

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the chemical speciation of selenium in Icelandic cow's milk has not yet been analysed. The lack of correlation between blood selenium and milk and dairy products is in sharp contrast to our study of iodine status of these same adolescent girls (13). In the iodine status study dairy was not only the food group contributing most to iodine intake, but also the only one that correlated significantly with iodine status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Selenium is abundant in fish, especially ocean fish (41), and according to the ISGEM database the selenium content in haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ), the species accounting for 80% of total fish intake in this study (13), is 38.8 µg/100 g (wet weight) (24). In cod, a close relative of haddock, 70% of the selenium is selenomethionine (11, 42), a form that is readily absorbed and taken indiscriminately into body tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The main goal of the study was to assess selenium intake and blood concentrations of adolescent girls, the age and sex group showing the greatest changes in food habits in recent years in Iceland (4, 13), and determine the most important foods contributing to selenium intake and blood levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland

Guðmundsdóttir

Gunnarsdóttir

Thorlacius

et al. 2012

Food & Nutrition Research

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Background/objectivesSignificant changes have been reported in dietary habits and food availability in Iceland that would be expected to compromise selenium intake and status, especially among young people. These include substantial decreases in the consumption of fish and milk, as well as the selenium content of imported wheat. The aim of this study was to assess selenium in the diet and whole blood of adolescent girls, as well as define the most important foods contributing to intake and blood concentrations of selenium.DesignThe subjects were 96 randomly selected girls, aged 16–20, who answered a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment. Selenium intake from each food group was calculated in µg/day. Blood samples were collected for measurement of whole blood selenium.ResultsMean dietary selenium was 51±25 µg/day. Milk/dairy products, including cheese, contributed 36±14% of total dietary selenium; fish 18±12%; and bread/cereal products 13±6%. Mean whole blood selenium was 117±12 µg/l (range 90–208); nearly 90% of subjects were above the optimal level of 100 µg/l. Fish and bread/cereal products were the only foods significantly correlated with selenium in blood (r=0.32; P=0.002 and r=0.22; P=0.04, respectively) while no correlation was found with milk and dairy products in spite of their greater contribution to total selenium intake.ConclusionIn this population of Icelandic adolescent girls, selenium intake and status seem acceptable. Judging from associations between intake and blood levels, fish and cereals may be the most important contributors to blood selenium.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland

Guðmundsdóttir

Gunnarsdóttir

Thorlacius

et al. 2012

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…32, 33 On the other hand, fish intake in Iceland is dominated by a single lean species, the haddock, which contains relatively small amounts of marine n-3 fatty acids. 34 In Iceland, only about 40% of the total intake of marine n-3 fatty acids in Iceland derives from eating fish whereas 42% originates from cod liver oil, 17 which is commonly taken as a source of vitamin D during the dark winter months in Iceland. 35 Vital statistics in 2001 to 2004 show that age-adjusted mortality from CHD in Iceland is more than two times higher than that in Japan and Korea and that in the US is almost four times higher than that in Japan and Korea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of marine-derived n-3 fatty acids in Icelanders, Japanese, Koreans, and Americans—A descriptive epidemiologic study

Steingrímsdóttir

Ueshima

Shin

et al. 2012

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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SummaryIn the 1990's Iceland and Japan were known as countries with high fish consumption whereas coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in Iceland was high and that in Japan was low among developed countries. We described recent data fish consumption and CHD mortality from publicly available data. We also measured CHD risk factors and serum levels of marine-derived n-3 and other fatty acids from population-based samples of 1,324 men in Iceland, Japan, South Korea, and the US. CHD mortality in men in Iceland was almost 3 times as high as that in Japan and South Korea. Generally a profile of CHD risk factors in Icelanders compared to Japanese was more favorable. Serum marine-derived n-3 fatty acids in Iceland were significantly lower than in Japan and South Korea but significantly higher than in the US. Keywordsn-3 fatty acids; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosaehexaenoic acid; coronary heart disease; descriptive epidemiologic study

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“…15 The food frequency questionnaire assessed frequency of intake of 10 common foods and food groups, including fish and fish oil, using the same questions for all three time periods. The most commonly consumed fish in Iceland are cod and haddock, 16 and both contain low levels of n – 3 PUFAs. Therefore, we focused on fish liver oil consumption (referred to as fish oil hereafter), which is rich in n – 3 PUFAs, as well as vitamin D. Fish oil consumption was categorized as never, < daily (< once a month, 1–3 times a month, 1–2 times a month or 5–6 times a week) or daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to incident mobility disability and decline in gait speed; the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Low intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with physical disability; however, prospective studies of circulating PUFAs are scarce. We examined associations between plasma phospholipid n – 3 and n – 6 PUFAs with risk of incident mobility disability and gait speed decline. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data are from a subgroup of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study, a population-based study of risk factors for disease and disability in old age. In this subgroup (n = 556, mean age 75.1 ± 5.0 years, 47.5% men), plasma phospholipid PUFAs were assessed at baseline using gas chromatography. Mobility disability and usual gait speed were assessed at baseline and after 5.2 ± 0.2 years. Mobility disability was defined as the following: having much difficulty, or being unable to walk 500 m or climb up 10 steps; decline in gait speed was defined as change ≥ 0.10 m/s. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between sex-specific s.d. increments in PUFAs with risk of incident mobility disability and gait speed decline. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) adjusted for demographics, follow-up time, risk factors and serum vitamin D were reported. RESULTS In women, but not men, every s.d. increment increase of total n – 3 PUFAs and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with lower mobility disability risk, odds ratio 0.48 (0.25; 0.93) and odds ratio 0.45 (0.24; 0.83), respectively. There was no association between n – 6 PUFAs and the risk of incident mobility disability or gait speed decline. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of n – 3 PUFAs and, particularly, DHA may protect women from impaired mobility but does not appear to have such an effect in men.

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Iodine status of adolescent girls in a population changing from high to lower fish consumption

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland

Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland

Serum levels of marine-derived n-3 fatty acids in Icelanders, Japanese, Koreans, and Americans—A descriptive epidemiologic study

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to incident mobility disability and decline in gait speed; the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study

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