Ion charge separation with new generation of nuclear emulsion films

Montesi, M.C.; Lauria, A.; Alexandrov, A.; Solestizi, L. Alunni; Ambrosi, G.; Argirò, S.; Díaz, Raúl Arteche; Bartosik, N.; Battistoni, G.; Belcari, Nicola; Bellinzona, Valentina Elettra; Bianucci, S.; Biondi, S.; Bisogni, Maria Giuseppina; Bruni, G.; Camarlinghi, N.; Carra, P.; Cerello, Piergiorgio; Ciarrocchi, Esther; Clozza, A.; Colombi, S.; Guerra, Alberto Del; Simoni, Micol De; Crescenzo, A. Di; Donetti, M.; Dong, Yunsheng; Durante, Marco; Embriaco, Alessia; Emde, M. von der; Faccini, R.; Ferrero, Veronica; Ferroni, F.; Fiandrini, E.; Finck, C.; Fiorina, Elisa; Fischetti, M.; Francesconi, M.; Franchini, M.; Galati, G.; Galli, L.; Garbini, M.; Gentile, V.; Giraudo, G.; Hetzel, R.; Iarocci, E.; Ionica, M.; Kanxheri, K.; Kraan, A.; Lante, Valeria; Tessa, Chiara La; Torres, E. López; Marafini, M.; Mattei, I.; Mengarelli, A.; Mirabelli, R.; Moggi, A.; Morone, Maria Cristina; Morrocchi, M.; Muraro, S.; Narici, L.; Pastore, A.; Pastrone, N.; Patera, V.; Pennazio, Francesco; Placidi, P.; Pullia, M.; Raffaelli, F.; Ramello, L.; Ridolfi, R.; Rosso, V.; Rovituso, Marta; Sanelli, C.; Sarti, A.; Sartorelli, G.; Sato, Osamu; Savazzi, S.; Scavarda, L.; Schiavi, A.; Schuy, Christoph; Scifoni, E.; Sciubba, A.; Sécher, Alexandre; Selvi, M.; Servoli, L.; Silvestre, G.; Sitta, Mario; Spighi, R.; Spiriti, E.; Sportelli, Giancarlo; Stahl, A.; Tioukov, V.; Tomassini, S.; Tommasino, Francesco; Traini, G.; Valle, S.M.; Vanstalle, M.; Weber, Ulrich; Zoccoli, À.; Lellis, G. De

doi:10.1515/phys-2019-0024

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Tests carried out at LNS of the FOOT emulsion chambers have already proved their capability in achieving the required FOOT performances in charge separation [37]. Measurements with the full emulsion chamber setup have been already performed at GSI in 2019 and 2020 using 16 O beams of 200 and 400 MeV/nucleon kinetic energy and a 12 C beam of 700 MeV/nucleon kinetic energy impinging on C and C 2 H 4 thin targets.…”

Section: The Foot Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of emulsions is coupled to the continuous development in the field of automated scanning system techniques: last generation microscopes [61][62][63][64] allow very fast scanning with wide angular acceptances of huge data sets. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a controlled fading of the emulsions in terms of different thermal treatments extends their dynamical range when crossed by different ions, providing charge identification capabilities [37,65,66]. The possibility to measure particles emitted with an angular acceptance above 70°w ith respect to the incident angle, coupled to the very high spatial resolution and charge identification capability, made the nuclear emulsion technology an ideal choice for new generation of measurements of differential fragmentation cross sections.…”

Section: The Emulsion Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of several films, having undergone different thermal treatments after exposure, allows overcoming saturation effects for particles with largely different ionizations. This technique has already been used in previous works [37,65,66] to enlarge the dynamical range of emulsions. The ES Section 2 aimed to the charge identification for low Z fragments (H, He, Li), is made by elementary cells composed of four emulsion films.…”

Section: Charge Identification Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Impact of Nuclear Interaction in Particle Therapy and in Radio Protection in Space: the FOOT Experiment

Battistoni¹,

Toppi²,

Patera³

2021

Front. Phys.

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In Charged Particle Therapy (PT) proton or 12C beams are used to treat deep-seated solid tumors exploiting the advantageous characteristics of charged particles energy deposition in matter. For such projectiles, the maximum of the dose is released at the end of the beam range, in the Bragg peak region, where the tumour is located. However, the nuclear interactions of the beam nuclei with the patient tissues can induce the fragmentation of projectiles and/or target nuclei and needs to be carefully taken into account when planning the treatment. In proton treatments, the target fragmentation produces low energy, short range fragments along all the beam path, that deposit a non-negligible dose especially in the first crossed tissues. On the other hand, in treatments performed using 12C, or other (4He or 16O) ions of interest, the main concern is related to the production of long range fragments that can release their dose in the healthy tissues beyond the Bragg peak. Understanding nuclear fragmentation processes is of interest also for radiation protection in human space flight applications, in view of deep space missions. In particular 4He and high-energy charged particles, mainly 12C, 16O, 28Si and 56Fe, provide the main source of absorbed dose in astronauts outside the atmosphere. The nuclear fragmentation properties of the materials used to build the spacecrafts need to be known with high accuracy in order to optimise the shielding against the space radiation. The study of the impact of these processes, which is of interest both for PT and space radioprotection applications, suffers at present from the limited experimental precision achieved on the relevant nuclear cross sections that compromise the reliability of the available computational models. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) collaboration, composed of researchers from France, Germany, Italy and Japan, designed an experiment to study these nuclear processes and measure the corresponding fragmentation cross sections. In this work we discuss the physics motivations of FOOT, describing in detail the present detector design and the expected performances, coming from the optimization studies based on accurate FLUKA MC simulations and preliminary beam test results. The measurements planned will be also presented.

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Section: The Foot Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Emulsion Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Identification Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Impact of Nuclear Interaction in Particle Therapy and in Radio Protection in Space: the FOOT Experiment

Battistoni¹,

Toppi²,

Patera³

2021

Front. Phys.

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“…For the emulsion setup, the performances show a very good efficiency (> 99%) in charge separation; more details have been published in Ref. 4.…”

Section: Electronic Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle therapy and radioprotection in space with the FOOT experiment

Mengarelli

2020

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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The evaluation of nuclear fragmentation contribution on the delivered dose during particle therapy treatment is still an open point. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment aims to improve the actual knowledge of nuclear physics by measuring the differential cross section as a function of the energy and angle of the fragments produced when an external particle beam interacts with patent tissues during hadrontherapy treatment. Depending on the beam energy, the purpose of the measurements is dual: in the range of 150–400 MeV/u, they will be used to evaluate the side effects of the nuclear fragmentation in the hadrontherapy treatment, while in the range of 700–1000 MeV/u (typical of cosmic galactic rays) they will be used to optimize the shielding of the spaceship for long term space missions. The FOOT detector includes a pre-target region with a first plastic scintillator for time of flight (TOF) and trigger purpose, and a beam monitor drift chamber to evaluate the beam direction (necessary for the inverse kinematic approach); a magnetic spectrometer to measure the momentum of fragments; and finally a second plastic scintillator for deposited energy (ΔE) and TOF measurements, and a scintillating crystal calorimeter to measure the kinetic energy of fragments. These measurements will be combined to accurately identify the charge and mass of fragments. The experiment, funded by the INFN since September 2017, is in the construction phase. It has performed several test beams, while the full detector data taking is scheduled in the next few years. A full description of the different setups together with the performances obtained with the latest geometry studies are reported here.

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“…The production cross sections of the target fragments are a topic of great interest but poor data are available: the direct measurement of target fragments is extremely difficult due to the short range of produced secondaries that have low probability to escape the target. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment [7][8][9][10] plans to use a complex experimental setup and an inverse kinematic approach to investigate the target fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLUKA simulation of target fragmentation in proton therapy

et al. 2020

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In proton therapy, secondary fragments are created in nuclear interactions of the beam with the target nuclei. The secondary fragments have low kinetic energies and high atomic numbers as compared to primary protons. Fragments have a high LET and deposit all their energy close to the generation point. For their characteristics, secondary fragments can alter the dose distribution and lead to an increase of RBE for the same delivered physical dose. Moreover, the radiobiological impact of target fragmentation is significant mostly in the region before the Bragg peak, where generally healthy tissues are present, and immediately after Bragg peak. Considering the high biological impact of those particles, especially in the case of healthy tissues or organs at risk, the inclusion of target fragmentation processes in the dose calculation of a treatment planning system can be relevant to improve the treatment accuracy and for this reason it is one of the major tasks of the MoVe IT project.In this study, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to fully characterize the mixed radiation field generated by target fragmentation in proton therapy. The dose averaged LET has been evaluated in case of a Spread Out Bragg Peak (SOBP). Starting from LET distribution, RBE has been evaluated with two different phenomenological models. In order to characterize the mixed radiation field, the production cross section has been evaluated by means of the FLUKA code. The future development of present work is to generate a MC database of fragments fluence to be included in TPS.

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Ion charge separation with new generation of nuclear emulsion films

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Measuring the Impact of Nuclear Interaction in Particle Therapy and in Radio Protection in Space: the FOOT Experiment

Measuring the Impact of Nuclear Interaction in Particle Therapy and in Radio Protection in Space: the FOOT Experiment

Particle therapy and radioprotection in space with the FOOT experiment

FLUKA simulation of target fragmentation in proton therapy

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