Ion diffusion in molten salt mixtures

Every, Hayley A.; Bishop, Alan J.; Forsyth, Maria; MacFarlane, Douglas R.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00332-1

Cited by 206 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…23 Therefore, the LiTFSI-PYR 13 FSI-PYR 13 TFSI system might be modeled as a quasi-ideal lattice, in which positive charges are almost uniformly distributed around the negative ones. [25][26][27] In addition, neither the Li + content, nor the temperature are found to affect the "ionicity" of the LiTFSI-PYR 13 TFSI-PYR 13 FSI ternary electrolyte mixtures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Moreno

Simonetti²,

Appetecchi

et al. 2016

ECS Trans.

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In this paper we report on the investigation of ionic liquid-based electrolytes with enhanced characteristics. In particular, we have studied ternary mixtures based on the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt and two ionic liquids sharing the same cation (N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium, PYR 13 ), but different anions, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI). The LiTFSI-PYR 13 TFSI-PYR 13 FSI mixtures, found to be ionically dissociated, exhibit better ion transport properties (about 10 −3 S cm −1 at −20 • C) with respect to similar ionic liquid electrolytes till reported in literature. An electrochemical stability window of 5 V is observed in carbon working electrodes. Preliminary battery tests confirm the good performance of these ternary electrolytes with high-voltage NMC cathodes and graphite anodes. Ionic liquids (ILs) are being investigated as substitutes of volatile and flammable organic electrolyte solvents in rechargeable lithiumion battery systems 1,2 to enhance safety of the electrochemical device. ILs are considered, in fact, strong flame retardants, displaying negligible vapor pressure in combination with relatively fast ion transport properties and wide chemical/electrochemical/thermal stability.3,4 So far, single ILs did not generally fully satisfy the requirements and/or operative conditions of practical devices, although their properties can be finely tuned by properly modifying their architecture.3,4 A promising approach, however, is represented by suitably combining different ionic liquids, leading to beneficial synergic effects on the physicochemical properties of the resulting mixtures. [5][6][7] In previous work, 8,9 we have demonstrated the possibility of favorably combining two ionic liquids, sharing the N-methyl-Npropyl pyrrolidinium cation (PYR 13 + ) and bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI − ) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI − ) anions. The TFSI ion was proved to be stable toward oxidation and thermally robust 2 while FSI-based ILs exhibit good ion conduction even at low temperature and protective film-forming capability onto electrodes. 2,10,11 In particular, proper PYR 13 TFSI-PYR 13 FSI formulations 8,9 were found to display ionic conductivities largely overcoming 10 −4 S cm −1 at −20 • C whereas the pure IL materials, still in solid state, exhibit conduction values about four orders of magnitude lower. This behavior is likely due to the different hindrance of the anions, resulting in worse ion packing and, therefore, inhibiting the crystallization process of the IL blend. [5][6][7] In addition, average, even if moderate, variation of the linear density vs mole composition behavior of the PYR 13 TFSI-PYR 13 FSI mixtures was observed at intermediate FSI mole fraction. 9 This issue suggests rearrangement of the ion structural organization within the IL blend, which may positively reflect on the transport properties. On the basis of the obtained results, the TFSI:FSI mole ratio of 2:3 was selected. 9 * Electrochemical Soci...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Moreno

Simonetti²,

Appetecchi

et al. 2016

ECS Trans.

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“…These results reveal that these data obey the Arrhenius equation over the temperature range studied. The found activation energies (E.d) are presented in Ta- b le 4 [11,12], which indicates that the binary AICI3-EM IC melts have the lowest conductivity activation en ergy among these mixtures. The results may be ex plained in terms of the degree of planarity and the scale of lattice energy [13,14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2 and 3 show that the specific conductivities of the AICI3-BPC and AICI3-EMIC systems increase nearly linearly with the temper ature, which is not the case for the AICI3-BTEAC system ( Figure 4). These conductivities were fitted by the Arrhenius equation [9][10][11][12] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivities of Room Temperature Molten Salts Containing AlCl₃, Measured by a Computerized Direct Current Method

Hsu

Yang

2001

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The conductivities of the binary room-temperature molten salt systems AlCl3-yV-«-butylpyridinium chloride (BPC), AlCl3-l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and AlCl3-benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) have been measured at different temperatures and compositions by a d.c. fourprobes method.There is a maximum of the conductivity at 50 mol% A1C13 in the A1C13-BPC and A1C13-EMIC systems at 40 to 80 °C, their activation energies being relatively low (20.79 and 14.76 kJ/mol, respec tively). As to the A1C13-BTEAC system, there is an irregular change in the conductivity at 40-70 mol% A1C13 in the temperature range 50 to 80 °C. The conductivities of the three RTMS are in the order A1C13-EMIC > A1C13-BPC > A1C13-BTEAC, the reason being discussed.

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“…Ionic liquids based on imidazolium and pyridinium cations have the highest ionic conductivity (~1 and 10 -1 S/m, respectively) (Every et al, 2000). Typical RTILs have conductivities of >10 -2 S/cm which are often useless as electrolyte.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

Faridbod¹,

Ganjali²,

Norouzi³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives

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Ion diffusion in molten salt mixtures

Cited by 206 publications

References 13 publications

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Conductivities of Room Temperature Molten Salts Containing AlCl₃, Measured by a Computerized Direct Current Method

Application of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

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Ion diffusion in molten salt mixtures

Cited by 206 publications

References 13 publications

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium Batteries: I. Investigation Around Optimal Formulation

Conductivities of Room Temperature Molten Salts Containing AlCl3, Measured by a Computerized Direct Current Method

Application of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

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Conductivities of Room Temperature Molten Salts Containing AlCl₃, Measured by a Computerized Direct Current Method