Ion-Exchange Calculations Using Spreadsheets

Carmona, Manuel; Rodriguez, JF; Durán, A.

doi:10.1007/s00897990335a

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“…Equilibrium constants ( K AB ) and Wilson parameters (Λ AB , and Λ BA ) were obtained by fitting the experimental data obtained in previous works, , for the three binary systems Na + −Ca 2+ , Na + −Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ −Mg 2+ by a nonlinear regression EXCEL application based on the Marquardt algorithm . In Table , the values of this parameters at each experimental temperature are summarized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium

Lucas

Rodríguez

Sánchez

et al. 2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The capacity of the new builder, δ-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , used as a substitute for zeolites in detergent formulations to soften wash waters, has been investigated in the present paper. The retention capacity of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on this new builder has been assumed to be caused by an ion exchange process. Then, the ternary equilibrium Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ /δ-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 has been simulated using a model based on the mass action law. The equilibrium constants and the Wilson parameters, as well as the thermodynamic properties for the three binary systems involved in the ion exchange, have been calculated. The equations obtained allow one to deduce the suitable detergent dosage at each washing temperature. Equilibrium data of the ternary system showed that the new builder is more selective for the Mg 2+ cation than zeolite 4A, the builder actually used in non-phosphate detergents. It can be concluded that δ-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 can be used as a builder or cobuilder in nonphosphate detergent formulations, specially in zones with hard water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium

Lucas

Rodríguez

Sánchez

et al. 2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ion-Exchange Calculations Using Spreadsheets

Cited by 1 publication

References 2 publications

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium

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Ion-Exchange Calculations Using Spreadsheets

Cited by 1 publication

References 2 publications

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na2Si2O5. Modeling the Ca2+/Mg2+/Na+Equilibrium

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na2Si2O5. Modeling the Ca2+/Mg2+/Na+Equilibrium

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Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium

Retention Capacity of the Builder δ-Na₂Si₂O₅. Modeling the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺/Na⁺Equilibrium