Ion sources and injectors for HIF induction linacs

Kwan, J.W.; Ahle, L.; Beck, Donghyun; Bieniosek, F.M.; Faltens, A.; Grote, D.P.; Halaxa, E.; Henestroza, E.; Herrmannsfeldt, W.B.; Karpenko, V. P.; Sangster, T.C.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00063-8

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Figure 4 is an Einzel system designed to accelerate a 2 mm diameter K + beamlet, with a current density of 100 mA/cm 2 , to 1.2 MeV kinetic energy. The beamlets are arranged to fill an elliptical pattern and are aimed differently in the two transverse planes in such a way that when merged, the final beam spot is an ellipse matching the entrance requirements of an ESQ channel [6].…”

Section: Mini-beamlets Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing high brightness beams for heavy ion driven inertial fusion

Kwan

Anders

Bieniosek

et al. 2002

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Heavy ion fusion (HIF) drivers require large currents and bright beams. In this paper we review the two different approaches for building HIF injectors and the corresponding ion source requirements. The traditional approach uses large aperture, low current density ion sources, resulting in a very large injector system. A more recent conceptual approach merges high current density mini-beamlets into a large current beam in order to significantly reduce the size of the injector. Experiments are being prepared to demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach.Paper to be submitted to the

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Section: Mini-beamlets Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing high brightness beams for heavy ion driven inertial fusion

Kwan

Anders

Bieniosek

et al. 2002

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…However, a practical heavy ion fusion source utilizing many merging beamlets will probably require a current density of roughly 100 mA/cm 2 [4]. While there are many electronegative elements, only the halogens have sufficiently large electron affinities to render current densities of this magnitude likely.…”

Section: Beam Element and Ion Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential roles for heavy negative ions as driver beams

Grisham

2003

Laser Part. Beams

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We have assessed the feasibility of producing heavy negative ion beams as drivers for an inertial confinement fusion reactor. Negative ion beams offer the potentially important advantages relative to positive ions that they will not draw electrons from surfaces and the target chamber plasma during acceleration, compression and focusing, and they will not have a low energy tail. Intense negative ion beams could also be efficiently converted to atomically neutral beams by photodetachment prior to entering the target chamber. Depending on the target chamber pressure, this atomic beam will undergo ionization as it crosses the chamber, but at chamber pressures at least as high as 1.3 x 10 -4 Torr, there may still be significant improvements in the beam spot size on the target, due to the reduction in path-averaged self-field perveance. The halogens, with their large electron affinities, are the best negative ion candidates. Fluorine and chlorine are the easiest halogens to use for near-term source experiments, whereas bromine and iodine best meet present expectations of driver mass. With regard to ion sources and photodetachment neutralizers, this approach should be feasible with existing technology.Except for the target chamber, the vacuum requirements for accelerating and transporting high energy negative ions are essentially the same as for positive ions.

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“…We are building a new 500 kV ion source test stand at Livermore to address these issues. The paper by Kwan et al [11] gives more details about the injector experiments. 3.…”

Section: Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heavy ion fusion program in the USA

Bangerter

2001

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The U.S. Department of Energy has established a new, larger inertial fusion energy program. To manage program growth, we have developed a new inertial fusion energy research and we have establishes a Virtual National Laboratory for Heavy Ion Fusion.There has been significant technical progress. Improvements in target design have reduced the predicted energy requirements by approximately a factor of two. There have also been important experiments on chamber dynamics and other inertial fusion technologies. The accelerator program has completed a number of small-scale experiments. Experiments with driver-scale beams are being designed --including experiments with driver-scale ion sources and injectors.Finally we are developing the technologies needed to build a major research facility known as the Integrated Research Experiment (IRE).

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Ion sources and injectors for HIF induction linacs

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Developing high brightness beams for heavy ion driven inertial fusion

Developing high brightness beams for heavy ion driven inertial fusion

Potential roles for heavy negative ions as driver beams

The heavy ion fusion program in the USA

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