Peroxidized phospholipid-mediated cytotoxity is involved in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases [i.e., the abnormal increase of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) found in the plasma of type 2 diabetic patients]. The PCOOH accumulation may relate to Amadoriglycated phosphatidylethanolamine (deoxy-D-fructosyl PE, or Amadori-PE), because Amadori-PE causes oxidative stress. However, lipid glycation inhibitor has not been discovered yet because of the lack of a lipid glycation model useful for inhibitor screening. We optimized and developed a lipid glycation model considering various reaction conditions (glucose concentration, temperature, buffer type, and pH) between PE and glucose. Using the developed model, various protein glycation inhibitors (aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and carnosine), antioxidants (ascorbic acid, atocopherol, quercetin, and rutin), and other food compounds (L-lysine, L-cysteine, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal 59-phosphate) were evaluated for their antiglycative properties. Pyridoxal 59-phosphate and pyridoxal (vitamin B 6 derivatives) were the most effective antiglycative compounds. These pyridoxals could easily be condensed with PE before the glucose/ PE reaction occurred. Because PE-pyridoxal 59-phosphate adduct was detectable in human red blood cells and the increased plasma Amadori-PE concentration in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats was decreased by dietary supplementation of pyridoxal 59-phosphate, it is likely that pyridoxal 59-phosphate acts as a lipid glycation inhibitor in vivo, which possibly contributes to diabetes prevention.-Higuchi, O., K. Nakagawa, T. Tsuzuki, T. Suzuki, S. Oikawa, and T. Miyazawa. Aminophospholipid glycation and its inhibitor screening system: a new role of pyridoxal 59-phosphate as the inhibitor. Lipid peroxidation plays a role in the pathophysiology of atherogenesis, diabetes, aging, and other conditions (1). To determine lipid hydroperoxides as a primary oxidation product, we established a chemiluminescence detectionliquid chromatography (LC) method (2). Using this method, it was confirmed that plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) abnormally increases in hyperlipidemic (3) and in type 2 diabetic (4) patients. Hence, we hypothesized that PCOOH-mediated cytotoxity is closely involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases.Recently, while investigating why PCOOH increases in diabetic plasma, we found that diabetic plasma contained an abnormal amount of glycated lipid. The glycated lipid was identified as an Amadori product of phosphatidylethanolamine (deoxy-D-fructosyl phosphatidylethanolamine, or Amadori-PE) (Fig. 1) by LC online with hybrid quadrupole/linear ion-trap mass spectrometry (QTRAP LC/MS/MS) (5, 6). Amadori-PE generates reactive oxygen species and thereby triggers lipid peroxidation (7). Therefore, it is likely that PE is exposed to glycation under hyperglycemic conditions, yielding Amadori-PE in vivo. Amadori-PE causes oxidative stress (i.e., PCOOH) (5, 6), leading to a disorder of cellular integrit...