Ionic composition and transport mechanisms in microbial desalination cells

Luo, Haiping; Xu, Pei; Jenkins, Peter E.; Ren, Zhiyong Jason

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.059

Cited by 101 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, it is concluded that two ion characteristics, i.e., the ionic charge and hydrated ionic radius, could influence the desalination performance, in which the ionic charge was more important. It was a little different with the desalination rate order of cations which was Ca 2+ > Na + > Mg 2+ in Luo et al [18]. EDRs and CTEs of Na + (Fig.…”

Section: Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Chen

Luo

Hou

et al. 2013

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl 2 , KCl, and CaCl 2 with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na + > K + . Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl 2 with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na + were one-fifth to five times of Mg 2+ , ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%-3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.

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Section: Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Chen

Luo

Hou

et al. 2013

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…All of these method consume relatively high energy due to the power required for aeration, sludge treatment, high pressure membrane process, and thermal distillation [2]. RO and thermal distillation require (2 to 15) KWh to produce 1m 3 fresh water from sea water [6]. Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the most used method in the world.…”

Section: Current Desalination Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anions in the saline water will migrate to the anode across AEM and the protons will go through CEM to the cathode for charge balance. The loss of ionic species in the middle chamber result in desalination of sea water [6].…”

Section: Microbial Desalination Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potency of Three-Chambered Microbial Desalination Cells Implementation as an Alternative Solution for Energy Conservation in Indonesia

Surya¹,

Zuhri²,

Prabaningtyas³

2015

KEn

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Energy crisis issue is appearing. The fact that there will no longer be enough unrenewable energy sources to fulfill global energy demand forces us to come up with some initiatives to overcome this. One way to do it is by trying to conserve energy in any way possible, such as in the production of reliable water sources. Microbial desalination cells (MDC) is one of the methods used in salt water desalination process. It runs on bioelectric potential produced because of the metabolism done by microbes. The results of more recent findings shows that wastewater-based three-chambered MDC offers a new solution to resolve both issues concering energy and water crisis, also with higher efficiency than other common desalination process such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, thermal distillation, and freezing. Indonesia's nature as an archipelago country that is surrounded by enormous amount of salt water held the potential of MDC implementation to become a solution of energy crisis caused by the upcoming extinction of fossil fuel.

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“…The scale of MDCs has been advanced from milliliters to over 100 L (Zhang and He, 2015). In addition to engineering development, MDCs have also been investigated with fundamental studies on multi-ion transport behavior from the salt solution (Luo et al, 2012a;Zuo et al, 2013), inter-membrane distance , microbial community in MDC , and mathematical modeling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectricity inhibits back diffusion from the anolyte into the desalinated stream in microbial desalination cells

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tMicrobial desalination cells (MDCs) taking advantage of energy in wastewater to drive desalination represent a promising approach for energy-efficient desalination, but concerns arise whether contaminants in wastewater could enter the desalinated stream across ion exchange membranes. Such back diffusion of contaminants from the anolyte into the desalinated stream could be controlled by two mechanisms, Donnan effect and molecule transport. This study attempted to understand those mechanisms for inorganic and organic compounds in MDCs through two independently conducted experiments. Donnan effect was found to be the dominant mechanism under the condition without current generation. Under open circuit condition, the MDC fed with 5 g L À1 salt solution exhibited 1.9 ± 0.7%, 10.3 ± 1.3%, and 1.8 ± 1.2% back diffusion of acetic, phosphate, and sulfate ions, respectively. Current generation effectively suppressed Donnan effect from 68.2% to 7.2%, and then molecule transport became more responsible for back diffusion. A higher initial salt concentration (35 g L À1 ) and a shorter HRT (1.0 d) led to the highest concentration gradient, resulting in the most back diffusion of 7.1 ± 1.2% and 6.8 ± 3.1% of phosphate and sulfate ions, respectively. Three representative organic compounds were selected for test, and it was found that organic back diffusion was intensified with a higher salt concentration gradient and molecular weight played an important role in compound movement. Principal component analysis confirmed the negative correlation between Donnan effect and current, and the positive correlation between molecule transport and concentration gradient related conditions.

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Ionic composition and transport mechanisms in microbial desalination cells

Cited by 101 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

The Potency of Three-Chambered Microbial Desalination Cells Implementation as an Alternative Solution for Energy Conservation in Indonesia

Bioelectricity inhibits back diffusion from the anolyte into the desalinated stream in microbial desalination cells

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