Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) contain metal cations that are inherent to their framework structure and may also be intrinsic to material properties such as magnetism, catalysis, and luminescence. Uptake of additional metals by a MOF has the potential to introduce new functionality or to alter functionality and thus finds a variety of potential applications. For example, catalysis, luminescence or color changes for sensors, ion exchange, removal of metal contaminants from the atmosphere or solution, altering gas‐binding properties of a MOF by creation of electric dipoles on the framework surface, and ion transport for battery applications. Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) involves the solid‐state MOF framework being chemically altered. PSM of MOFs may occur such that additional or new heterometallic cations or metal‐containing moieties are taken up by the MOF. There are a number of mechanisms to effect metal uptake in MOFs. Direct grafting of metal cations onto the MOF frameworks can occur at pendant, unmetallated sites embedded within the framework linker ligand. For example, through pendant thiols or alcohol groups lining framework pores, or through unmetallated chelating or macrocyclic groups embedded in the framework. Organometallic fragments can be directly grafted onto the arene rings of MOF ligands. PSM of pendant organic functional groups can be used to either create a new ligand group for metal binding, or to directly tether a metal complex. Other mechanisms for forming pendant metal‐binding groups are to demetallation a nonstructural metal cation site, for example, within a linking metal‐salen ligand, or to use a ligand defect approach where ligands with additional binding sites are doped into the MOF during its synthesis. Ion exchange of counter‐anions within the pores of anionic MOFs is another method for metal uptake, and often involves the exchange of an organic counter‐cation for a metal. Metal‐containing guest molecules can be absorbed into the pores of MOFs through solution immersion or chemical vapor deposition techniques. Such complexes are often precursors to form metal@MOFs hydrid materials where metal nanoparticles are embedded in the pores. Exchange may also occur between structural components of a MOF, and metal cation metathesis, also referred to as transmetallation, is where metal cations within the framework are substituted for a different cation, usually with retention of the gross original framework structure.