Ionic Gels and Their Applications in Stretchable Electronics

Wang, Haifei; Wang, Ziya; Yang, Jian; Xu, Chen; Zhang, Qi; Peng, Zhengchun

doi:10.1002/marc.201800246

Cited by 141 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…The reliance on ion diffusion in IGs as the mechanism of transformation dictates limited response speeds relative to other IEAP material systems. Nonaqueous IGs have been prepared by embedding organic electrolyte and/or ionic liquid (IL) solutions within a polymer matrix 212…”

Section: Ionic Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These implementations of IEAPs have used a variety of techniques and materials247 including CPs, CNTs, graphene, metallic particles, NWs, microplates, and mixtures thereof 248–261. A recent review by Peng and co‐workers has directly compared aqueous and nonaqueous ionic gels scoped to applications in stretchable electronics 212. Wearable technology using IEAPS was demonstrated by Ming et al by embedding IPMC sensors in a smart glove (shown schematically in Figure a) 262.…”

Section: Ionic Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials as Machines

2020

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of responsive materials as machines is in robotics. The vision, leadership, and research of Bar-Cohen is seminal in both invigorating and focusing current-day research activities to develop responsive materials [2] and implement [3] them as lightweight, dexterous, and gentle (e.g., soft) robotic elements. In this spirit, this review exhaustively details the materials, the nature of their stimuli-response, and discusses considerations for their implementation in robotic systems and subsystems.Robotics is a well-established but growing field of research. Sustained progress in both performance and functionality continue to be realized in commercial robotic systems largely based on conventional materials and their integration with mechanisms. A recent example is the Atlas robot from Boston Dynamics [4] (Figure 1a). The incorporation of stimuli-responsive materials in robotics has largely focused on component-level demonstrations to extend the performance of a subsystem (such as a hand or gripper).Stimuli-responsive materials, spanning nearly all classes of materials and size scales, are currently subject to widespread examination in corporate, government, and academic research laboratories (Figure 1b-d). [5][6][7] In some cases, these materials have already found widespread commercial implementation in end use and are comparatively mature. The materials and fundamentals of their responses are summarized in Figure 2. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) and ceramic piezoelectric materials are distinctive in that they are hard, stimuli-responsive materials. Deformation of these materials can produce large energy densities due to their inherent stiffness. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) remain a topic of considerable interest, particularly dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Engineered systems are rapidly emerging and enabling performance gains in robotics, largely based on pneumatic or fluidic (such as HASEL [8] actuators) transport processes that localize deformation to generate force or produce motion. Soft materials, such as shape memory polymers (SMPs), hydrogels, and liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) and elastomers (LCEs) may offer distinctive functional performance to robotic systems in allowing local control of deformation without the need for complex interfacing with mechanisms. As will be evident, each of these materials has inherent advantages and performance tradeoffs that must be considered in functional implementations. However, responsive material systems have a common obstacle to widespread use: the performance and Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function. Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to accomplish tasks-such as generating motion or lifting an object. An emerging research paradigm is the design, synthesis, and integration of responsive materials within or as machines. Herein, a particular focus is the integration of responsive materials to enable robotic (machine) functions such as gripping, lifting, or motility (walk...

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Section: Ionic Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionic Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials as Machines

2020

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“…However, the challenges of creating stable bonding between hydrogels and elastomeric substrates need to be addressed for the stability and high output performance of these self‐powered ITS systems. Although tough and robust hydrogels have been developed, the weak interfacial bindings between hydrogels and elastomers severely limit their integration and multifunctionality . Various research groups reported a strategy to create stable adhesion of the hydrogel‐elastomer layers via covalent chemical anchorage .…”

Section: Self‐powered Ionic Tactile Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human‐Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

Amoli

Kim

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

153

119

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Ionic tactile sensors (ITS) represent a new class of deformable sensory platforms that mimic not only the tactile functions and topological structures but also the mechanotransduction mechanism across the biological ion channels in human skin, which can demonstrate a more advanced biological interface for targeting emerging human-interactive technologies compared to conventional e-skin devices. Recently, flexible and even stretchable ITS have been developed using novel structural designs and strategies in materials and devices. These skin-like tactile sensors can effectively sense pressure, strain, shear, torsion, and other external stimuli with high sensitivity, high reliability, and rapid response beyond those of human perception. In this review, the recent developments of the ITS based on the novel concepts, structural designs, and strategies in materials innovation are entirely highlighted. In particular, biomimetic approaches have led to the development of the ITS that extend beyond the tactile sensory capabilities of human skin such as sensitivity, pressure detection range, and multimodality. Furthermore, the recent progress in self-powered and self-healable ITS, which should be strongly required to allow human-interactive artificial sensory platforms is reviewed. The applications of ITS in human-interactive technologies including artificial skin, wearable medical devices, and user-interactive interfaces are highlighted. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and the future directions of this field are presented.

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“…The use of conductive gels, namely, ionogels and hydrogels, has been largely applied to address the issue. Ionic liquids, or ionogels, are salts with low vapor pressure displaying high ionic conductivity . Ionogels have been used as gate dielectrics in graphene‐based thin film transistors operating at high frequencies .…”

Section: D Graphene For Advanced Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Assembly of Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Electronics

Ferrand

Chabi

Agarwala

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Since the discovery of electricity and the creation of the first transistors two centuries ago, the field of electronics has evolved rapidly to become omnipresent. Today, electronic devices are challenged by new demands in function and performance: they are expected to be lightweight, highly efficient, flexible, smart, implantable, and so on. To meet these demands, the materials and components in devices need to be carefully selected and assembled together. In this regard, the controlled assembly of 3D graphene structures holds tremendous potential to achieve such levels of multifunctionality and outstanding properties. Advanced processing approaches, such as 3D printing, allow the fabrication of a variety of 3D graphene–based materials that present outstanding properties and a high degree of multifunctionality. Herein, the recent progress in the fabrication of graphene‐based devices for advanced electronics using controlled assembly is reported. The benefits of controlling the microstructure of graphene nanomaterials for enhanced properties and functionalities are highlighted, and the various fabrication methods and their implications on the organization of materials are reviewed, as well as selected electrical devices. The approaches described here are opening up new avenues for the fabrication of health or structural monitoring devices, autonomous machines, and interconnected objects.

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Ionic Gels and Their Applications in Stretchable Electronics

Cited by 141 publications

References 133 publications

Materials as Machines

Materials as Machines

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human‐Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

3D Assembly of Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Electronics

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