Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for a sensitive determination of cadmium in water samples

Li, Shengqing; Shun, Cai; Hu, Wei; Chen, Hao; Liu, Hanlan

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2009.05.023

Cited by 208 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…With the extraction efficiency of the optimized system as high as of previously reported emulsion-based extraction systems [13][14][15], the use of the layer by layer ionic liquid-core capsules is preferable to using emulsions since they are more stable [47,54] and easier to remove from aqueous solutions than non-encapsulated emulsion droplets, while being suitable for performing the extraction in cases when in-situ emulsification is not possible. Future work, therefore, will focus on finding a way to safely concentrate multi-layered capsules in order to add more polyelectrolyte layers onto them to further increase their mechanical strength thus making filtration a viable option for post-extraction capsule removal, as well as to make them suitable for efficient extraction of Cd 2+ from more concentrated solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover, nano-emulsions are kinetically stable, and their small size makes them resistant to sedimentation or creaming [12], providing greater control over the extraction process, and allowing for greater storage times. Several different methods for emulsification of ionic liquids have been reported including dispersing under high temperature [13], ultrasound [14] and vortex-assisted emulsification [15], all of which are used as a part of dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction procedure where emulsions are created within a working sample containing extractable ions [16][17][18][19]. Other techniques that can also be used to create emulsions of ionic liquids are high-energy methods such as high-pressure homogenization [20], and low-energy methods such as spontaneous emulsification [21] and the phase inversion temperature method [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Elizarova

Luckham

2017

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Ionic liquids can serve as an environmentally-friendly replacement for solvents in emulsions, therefore they are considered suitable to be used as an emulsified medium for various active materials one of which are extractors of metal ions. Increasing the extraction efficiency is considered to be one of the key objectives when working with such extraction systems. One way to improve the extraction efficiency is to increase the contact area between the extractant and the working ionic solution. This can be accomplished by creating a nano-emulsion of ionic liquid containing such an extractant. Since emulsification of ionic liquid is not always possible in the sample itself, there is a necessity of creating a stable emulsion that can be added externally and on demand to samples from which metal ions need to be extracted. We propose a method of fabrication of a highly-stable extractant-loaded ionic liquid-in-water nano-emulsion via a low-energy phase reversal emulsification followed by continuous layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition process to encapsulate the nano-emulsion and enhance the emulsion stability. Such a multilayered stabilized nano-emulsion was tested for extraction of Cd 2+ and Ca 2+ ions in order to determine its extraction efficiency and selectivity. It was found to be effective in extraction of Cd 2+ ions with near 100% cadmium removal, as well as being selective since no Ca 2+ ions were extracted. The encapsulated emulsion was removed from samples post-extraction using two methods -filtration and magnetic separation, both of which were shown to be viable under different circumstances -larger and mechanically stronger capsules could be removed by filtration, however magnetic separation worked better for both smaller and bigger capsules. The long-term stability of nano-emulsion was also tested being a very important characteristic for its proposed use: it was found to be highly stable after four months of storage time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Elizarova

Luckham

2017

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The first reports of ultrasound-assisted IL-DLLME (UA-IL-DLLME) were published simultaneously in 2009 by Zhou et al [60] and by Li et al [61] for the analysis of aromatic amines and cadmium in water, respectively. In the past two years, UA-IL-DLLME has experienced a surge in application for the determination of metals [62][63][64][65] and pesticides [66,67] that has coincided with an increase in public concern over water quality and the environment.…”

Section: Ultrasound-assisted Microwave-assisted and Vortex-assistedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

Clark

Emaus

Varona

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

141

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The applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL-derived sorbents are rapidly expanding. By careful selection of the cation and anion components, the physicochemical properties of ILs can be altered to meet the requirements of specific applications. Reports of IL solvents possessing high selectivity for specific analytes are numerous and continue to motivate the development of new IL-based sample preparation methods that are faster, more selective, and environmentally benign compared to conventional organic solvents. The advantages of ILs have also been exploited in solid/polymer formats in which ordinarily nonspecific sorbents are functionalized with IL moieties in order to impart selectivity for an analyte or analyte class. Furthermore, new ILs that incorporate a paramagnetic component into the IL structure, known as magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), have emerged as useful solvents for bioanalytical applications. In this rapidly changing field, this Review focuses on the applications of ILs and IL-based sorbents in sample preparation with a special emphasis on liquid phase extraction techniques using ILs and MILs, IL-based solid-phase extraction, ILs in mass spectrometry, and biological applications. K E Y W O R D Salternative solvents, ionic liquids, magnetic ionic liquids, microextraction, sample preparation

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“…Cadmium can accumulate in the human body, especially in the kidneys, and can cause dysfunction of the kidney; therefore, there is increasing interest in the determination of the amount of cadmium ions in drinking water due to its toxicity to human health. The most commonly used techniques for the determination of the amount of cadmium ions in aqueous solution include the following: flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (Afkhami et al 2006), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) (Li et al 2009), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Balarama Krishna et al 2000;Guo et al 2010;Beiraghi et al 2012), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) (Wen et al 2009) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Yang et al 2005). Although these techniques provide accurate results, they have several disadvantages, such as the requirement of expensive apparatus, complicated operation, high costs of operation and maintenance, and the requirement of well-controlled experimental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium (II)-selective electrode based on palm shell activated carbon modified with task-specific ionic liquid: kinetics and analytical applications

Ismaiel

Aroua

Yusoff

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In this study, palm shell activated carbon modified with task-specific ionic liquid was used as a novel electrode component for the potentiometric determination of cadmium ions in water samples. The proposed potentiometric sensor has good operating characteristics, including relatively high selectivity towards the Cd (II) ion, a Nernstian response to Cd (II) ions in a working concentration range of 1.0 9 10 -9 -1.0 9 10 -2 M, with a reasonable detection limit of 1 9 10 -10 M and a slope of 30.90 ± 1.0 mV/decade. No significant changes in electrode potential were observed when the pH was varied over the range of 4-9. A direct technique based on the use of ion-selective electrode potentiometry has been developed in our laboratory for the study of reaction kinetics and kinetic methods of analysis by continuous monitoring of the rate of production or consumption of an ion. The apparent adsorption rate constant was estimated assuming pseudo-second-order kinetics. Additionally, the proposed electrode has been successfully used for the determination of the cadmium content in real samples without a significant interaction from other cationic or anionic species.

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Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for a sensitive determination of cadmium in water samples

Cited by 208 publications

References 38 publications

Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

Cadmium (II)-selective electrode based on palm shell activated carbon modified with task-specific ionic liquid: kinetics and analytical applications

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